The geomagnetic field was at quiet to active levels on November 30 under the influence of effects associated with CH1332. Solar wind speed at SOHO ranged between 541 and 692 km/sec, averaging 626 km/sec (-23 km/sec compared to the previous day). The high latitude magnetometer at Andenes was at quiet to minor storm levels. The above 10 MeV proton flux was at background levels all day.
Solar flux density measured at 20h UT on 2.8 GHz was 180.4 - increasing 47.4 over the previous solar rotation.
The 365 day average solar flux at 1 AU was 157.21 (183 days ago). The 81 day average solar flux at 1 AU was 142.4 (41 days ago, this is 46.4% of the total SC25 solar flux range from the max 81 day average peak on September 4, 2024 at 227.3 and an average 81 day flux of 69 at solar minimum). SC25 365d peak: 195.9 on October 13, 2024.
The Potsdam WDC planetary A index was 14 (STAR Ap - based on the average of three hour interval ap indices: 13.8). Three hour interval K indices: 44232232 (planetary), 45242232 (Boulder), 55442354 (Andenes).
The background x-ray flux is at the class C2 level (GOES 19).
At the time of counting spots (see image time), spots were observed in 12 active regions using 2K resolution (SN: 254) and in 12 active regions using 1K resolution (SN: 205) SDO/HMI images.
AR 14288 [N18W58] has polarity intermixing and
produced several C flares.
AR 14290 [S09W45] decayed slowly and quietly.
AR 14291 [S12W42] decayed slowly and quietly.
AR 14294 [S16E59] displayed slow decay as the largest magnetic delta
configuration nearly disappeared. Although flare frequency and magnitude
decreased, there's obviously still a potential for major flares.
New AR 14295 [N05E67] rotated into view on November 29 and was quiet and stable.
New AR 14296 [S13E73] rotated into view on November 29 and was
numbered by SWPC the next day. The region has major flare potential.
Spotted regions not observed (or interpreted
differently) by SWPC/USAF:
AR S11640 [S12W02] developed as new flux
emerged.
AR S11646 [N11W74] decayed slowly and was mostly quiet.
New AR S11649 [N22E80] rotated into view as a compact spot group.
The region produced an X1.9 flare at 02:49 UT
on December 1. SWPC has since numbered this AR
as 14299.
New AR S11650 [N20E46] emerged with tiny spots.
New AR S11651 [N10W07] emerged with a tiny spot.
New AR S11652 [N18W11] was observed with tiny spots in an old plage
area.
Minor update added at 13:15
UT: An interesting active region emerged today, interesting
because of reversed polarities and a location at a very high latitude. Given
that the first tiny SC26 spots are not expected until the end of 2027, it's
unlikely that the spots have that connection. At 09:30 UT the spots were
located at S62E22.
C2+ flares
| Magnitude | Peak time (UT) | Location | Source | Recorded by | Comment |
| C8.0 | 00:40 | 14299 | GOES18 | ||
| C3.6 | 01:33 | 14294 | GOES18 | ||
| C3.7 | 02:09 | 14294 | GOES18 | ||
| C3.3 | 02:36 | 14299 | GOES18 | ||
| C3.6 | 02:47 | 14296 | GOES18 | ||
| C3.0 | 03:00 | 14299 | GOES18 | ||
| C2.3 | 03:29 | 14299 | GOES18 | ||
| C2.6 | 03:56 | 14299 | GOES18 | ||
| C3.0 | 04:20 | 14294 | GOES18 | ||
| C3.6 | 05:14 | 14296 | GOES18 | ||
| C6.6 | 06:05 | 14294 | GOES18 | ||
| C6.0 | 06:30 | 14294 | GOES18 | ||
| C5.0 | 06:58 | 14294 | GOES18 | ||
| C4.1 | 07:33 | 14294 | GOES18 | ||
| C3.9 | 07:47 | 14296 | GOES18 | ||
| C3.3 | 08.40 | behind SW limb | 14286 | GOES18 | |
| C5.7 | 09:08 | 14294 | GOES18 | ||
| C6.7 | 09:17 | 14294 | GOES18 | ||
| C3.5 | 09:52 | 14288 | GOES18 | ||
| C3.5 | 09:59 | 14296 | GOES18 | ||
| C8.3 | 10:23 | behind SW limb | 14286 | GOES18 | |
| C9.0 | 10:54 | 14299 | GOES18 | ||
| C7.9 | 11:34 | behind NE limb | GOES18 | simultaneous flares in ARs 14299 and 14294 | |
| C4.5 | 12:22 | 14288 | GOES18 | ||
| C9.8 | 13:00 | 14299 | GOES18 | ||
| C7.4 | 13:49 | 14296 | GOES18 | ||
| C3.2 | 15:43 | behind SW limb | 14286 | GOES18 | |
| C3.5 | 17:36 | behind SW limb | 14286 | GOES18 | |
| C5.1 | 18:34 | behind SW limb | 14286 | GOES18 | |
| C5.0 | 19:08 | behind SW limb | 14286 | GOES18 | simultaneous flare in ARs 14294 and 14296 |
| C5.4 | 19:41 | behind SW limb | 14286 | GOES18 | |
| C5.0 | 19:50 | behind SW limb | 14286 | GOES18 | |
| C5.3 | 20:48 | 14288 | GOES18 | ||
| C4.9 | 21:07 | 14296 | GOES18 | ||
| C5.0 | 21:10 | 14288 | GOES18 | ||
| C3.6 | 21:26 | 14288 | GOES18 | ||
| C5.5 | 22:02 | 14288 | GOES18 | ||
| C2.7 | 23:41 | 14296 | GOES18 |
November 28-30: No obviously Earth directed CMEs were observed in
available coronagraph imagery.
December 1: AR 14299 (S11649) was the source of an X1.9 flare peaking
at 02:49 UT. A massive and very wide (at least partial) halo CME was
observed in coronagraph imagery. Despite the source location at the
northeast limb, there's a chance CME components could reach Earth on
December 3-4.
[Coronal
hole history (since October 2002)]
[Compare today's report to the situation one solar rotation ago:
28 days ago
27 days ago
26 days ago]
A recurrent trans equatorial negative polarity coronal hole (CH1333) will be Earth facing on November 30 - December 2.
The geomagnetic field is expected to be at quiet to active levels on December 1 due to lingering effects from CH1332. Mostly quiet levels are likely on December 2. Quiet to minor storm levels are likely on December 3-5 due to effects associated with CH1333, possibly with some contributions from the December 1 CME on December 3-4.
| Coronal holes (1) | Coronal mass ejections (2) | M and X class flares (3) |
1) Effects from a coronal hole could
reach Earth within the next 5 days. When the high speed stream has arrived
the color changes to green.
2) Effects from a CME are likely to be observed at Earth within 96 hours.
3) There is a possibility of either M or X class flares within the next 48 hours.
Green: 0-30% probability, Yellow: 30-70% probability, Red: 70-100% probability.
(Click on image for 2K resolution).
4K resolution.
Compare to the previous day's image. 0.5K image
When available the active region map has a coronal hole polarity overlay where red (pink) is negative and blue is positive.
Data for all officially numbered solar regions according to the Solar Region Summary provided by NOAA/SWPC, all other regions are numbered sequentially as they emerge using the STAR spot number. Comments are my own, as is the STAR spot count (spots observed at or inside a few hours before midnight) and data for regions not numbered by SWPC or where SWPC has observed no spots. SWPC active region numbers in the table below and in the active region map above are the historic SWPC/USAF numbers. SWPC data considered to be not sufficiently precise (location, area, classification) are colored red.
| Active region | SWPC date numbered STAR detected |
Spot count | Location at midnight | Area | Classification | SDO / HMI 4K continuum image with magnetic polarity overlays |
Comment | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SWPC/ USAF |
STAR | SWPC | STAR | Current | Previous | ||||||
| 2K | 1K | ||||||||||
| 14287 | 2025.11.18 2025.11.19 |
N01W85 |
 |
was AR S11622 location: N00W78 |
|||||||
| 14289 | 2025.11.19 2025.11.21 |
S02W77 |
was AR S11623 location: S03W68 |
||||||||
| 14288 | 2025.11.20 2025.11.20 |
8 | 21 | 13 | N19W59 | 0120 | DAI | DAI |
 |
 |
beta-gamma was AR S11626 area: 0150 location: N18W58 |
| 14290 | 2025.11.20 2025.11.21 |
1 | 2 | 1 | S10W48 | 0030 | HSX | HSX |
 |
 |
was AR S11627 area: 0050 location: S09W45 |
| 14291 | 2025.11.21 2025.11.22 |
11 | 23 | 13 | S12W41 | 0100 | EAI | DAO |
 |
 |
was AR S11630 location: S12W42 |
| 14293 | 2025.11.22 2025.11.24 |
N08W40 |
was AR S11633 location: N08W34 |
||||||||
| S11639 | 2025.11.25 | N09E03 |
|
||||||||
| S11640 | 2025.11.26 | 11 | 6 | S12W02 | 0040 | DRI |
 |
 |
|||
| 14294 | 2025.11.28 2025.11.28 |
21 | 47 | 33 | S15E55 | 1100 | FKC | FKC |
 |
 |
beta-gamma-delta was AR S11642 area: 2400 location: S16E59 |
| S11643 | 2025.11.28 | N16W36 | |||||||||
| S11644 | 2025.11.28 | N18E29 | |||||||||
| S11645 | 2025.11.28 | S05W43 | |||||||||
| S11646 | 2025.11.29 | 2 | 2 | N11W74 | 0004 | AXX |
 |
 |
|||
| 14296 | 2025.11.29 2025.11.30 |
6 | 13 | 8 | S14E76 | 0500 | EKI | EKI |
 |
 |
was AR S11647 area: 1110 location: S13E73 |
| 14295 | 2025.11.29 2025.11.30 |
1 | 3 | 2 | N04E66 | 0030 | HSX | CSO |
 |
 |
was AR S11648 area: 0090 location: N05E67 |
| S11649 | 2025.11.30 | 7 | 4 | N22E80 | 0300 | DAC |
 |
||||
| S11650 | 2025.11.30 | 2 | 1 | N20E46 | 0004 | AXX |
 |
||||
| S11651 | 2025.11.30 | 1 | 1 | N10W07 | 0003 | AXX |
 |
||||
| S11652 | 2025.11.30 | 2 | 1 | N18W11 | 0006 | AXX |
 |
||||
| Total spot count: | 48 | 134 | 85 | ||||||||
| Sunspot number: | 108 | 254 | 205 | (total spot count + 10 * number of spotted regions) | |||||||
| Weighted SN: | 88 | 182 | 133 | (Sum of total spot count + classification weighting for each AR. Classification weighting: X=0, R=3, A/S=5, H/K=10) | |||||||
| Relative sunspot number (Wolf number): | 119 | 140 | 164 | ||||||||
| Month | Average solar flux | International sunspot number (WDC-SILSO) |
Smoothed sunspot number (4) | Average
ap (3) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Measured | 1 AU | ||||
| 2024.05 | 187.7 | 191.9 | 172.1 | 149.1 (+4.6) | 23.56 (SC25 peak) |
| 2024.08 | 246.1 (SC25 peak) |
252.2 | 216.0 (SC25 peak) | 156.8 (+1.8) | 15.96 |
| 2024.09 | 195.7 | 197.8 | 141.1 | 159.4 (+1.6) | 15.36 |
| 2024.10 | 221.0 | 219.6 | 165.8 | 160.9 (+1.5) (SC25 solar max) | 18.99 |
| 2024.11 | 199.6 | 195.3 | 154.1 | 157.2 (-3.7) | 9.33 |
| 2024.12 | 197.3 | 191.2 | 154.6 | 151.2 (-6.0) | 8.42 |
| 2025.01 | 190.3 | 184.2 | 137.0 | 146.2 (-5.0) | 13.17 |
| 2025.02 | 184.2 | 179.7 | 155.7 | 139.8 (-6.4) | 14.42 |
| 2025.03 | 163.7 | 162.1 | 134.2 | 135.9 (-3.9) | 15.96 |
| 2025.04 | 162.5 | 163.6 | 141.4 | 133.3 (-2.6) | 17.62 |
| 2025.05 | 135.3 | 138.3 | 78.5 | 128.5 (-4.8) | 17.26 |
| 2025.06 | 131.3 | 135.4 | 114.6 | (124.4 projected, -4.1) | 21.43 |
| 2025.07 | 137.8 | 142.3 | 125.6 | (121.7 projected, -2.7) | 11.80 |
| 2025.08 | 154.9 | 158.7 | 133.5 | (118.0 projected, -3.7) | 9.97 |
| 2025.09 | 154.4 | 156.0 | 129.8 | (114.1 projected, -3.9) | 14.02 |
| 2025.10 | 139.5 | 138.6 | 114.6 | (110.1 projected, -4.0) | 15.64 |
| 2025.11 | 140.3 | 137.3 | 91.7 | (107.9 projected, -2.2) | 21.3 |
| 2025.12 | (1) | (2A/2B) / 115.7 (2C) | (106.3 projected, -1.6) | () | |
| 2026.01 | (102.3 projected, -4.0) | ||||
| 2026.02 | (98.2 projected, -4.1) | ||||
| 2026.03 | (93.8 projected, -4.4) | ||||
| 2026.04 | (90.1 projected, -3.7) | ||||
| 2026.05 | (88.9 projected, -1.2) | ||||
1) Running average based on the daily 20:00 UTC observed solar flux value
at 2800 MHz and any corrections applied to that measurement.
2A) Current impact on the monthly sunspot number based on the Boulder
(NOAA/SWPC) sunspot number (accumulated daily sunspots / month days).
2B) Boulder SN current month average to date.
2C) STAR SDO 1K Wolf number 27 day average.
3) Running average based on the quicklook and definitive Potsdam WDC ap
indices. Values in red
are based on the definitive international
GFZ Potsdam WDC ap
indices.
4) Source: WDC-SILSO, Royal Observatory
Of Belgium, Brussels
Sunspot activity was on a decreasing trend from September
2024 until mid August 2025 (using the average solar flux over 3 solar rotations as a proxy).
Then a strong surge in activity saw solar flux peak in late August 2025 just
below the largest peaks seen in 2024. A slow decrease in activity from the
August level has been observed in September and October 2025.
All 365 day smoothed sunspot numbers reached a maximum on October 11-12, 2024.
This became the peak of SC25 (365 day smoothed peaks: STAR 1K: 236.1, STAR 2K: 364.3, NOAA SN: 156.0, ISN: 163.9),
while the 365d
smoothed solar flux peaked on October 13, 2024, just 1.7% below the SC23
peak, and 62.6% above the SC24 peak.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
This report has been prepared by Jan Alvestad. It is based on the analysis of data from whichever sources are available at the time the report is prepared. All time references are to Universal Time. Comments and suggestions are always welcome.
SDO images are courtesy of NASA/SDO and the AIA, EVE, and HMI science teams.
