The geomagnetic field was at quiet to unsettled levels on July 7. The high latitude magnetometer at Andenes recorded quiet to minor storm levels. The above 10 MeV proton flux was at background levels at the end of the day.
Solar flux density measured at 20h UT on 2.8 GHz was 171.3 - decreasing 6.5 over the previous solar rotation. (Centered 1 year average SF at 1 AU - 183 days ago: 163.32. In comparison SC24 peaked on June 28, 2014 at 145.50. Current SC25 peak: 163.32 on January 7, 2024). The Potsdam WDC planetary A index was 6 (STAR Ap - based on the mean of three hour interval ap indices: 6.5). Three hour interval K indices: 22102123 (planetary), ******** (Boulder), 41112125 (Andenes).
The background x-ray flux is at the class C2 level (GOES 16).
At the time of counting spots (see image time), spots were observed in 14 active regions using 2K resolution (SN: 269) and in 11 active regions using 1K resolution (SN: 164) SDO/HMI images.
Region 13733 [N05W79] decayed slowly and was
mostly quiet.
Region 13734 [N08W42] decayed slowly and quietly.
Region 13735 [N17W30] decayed slowly and quietly.
Region 13736 [S19E11] was quiet and stable.
Region 13738 [S09E41] developed further and was unstable. Frequent C
class flaring was observed and a minor M class flare is possible.
Region 13739 [N04W30] decayed slowly and quietly.
Region 13740 [S18W17] was mostly quiet. The region has a small
magnetic delta configuration in the central part.
New region 13741 [N09E63] emerged with small spots.
Spotted regions not observed (or interpreted
differently) by SWPC/USAF:
S9870 [S15E01] was quiet and stable.
New region S9874 [S23E82] rotated partly into view. This spot group
was quiet active late in the day and produced several M flares. Another 2
spot groups just behind the southeast limb were also active late in the day
New region S9875 [S17E28] was observed with tiny spots in an
old plage area.
New region S9876 [N21W06] emerged with a tiny spot.
New region S9877 [S25E17] emerged with tiny
spots to the south of AR 13736.
New region S9878 [S17W62] emerged with tiny spots.
C2+ flares
| Magnitude | Peak time (UT) | Location | Source | Recorded by | Comment |
| C4.1 | 01:10 | 13729 | GOES16 | ||
| C7.2 | 01:59 | 13729 | GOES16 | ||
| C3.2 | 02:14 | 13738 | GOES16 | ||
| C3.8 | 02:29 | 13738 | GOES16 | ||
| C4.9 | 02:48 | 13738 | GOES16 | ||
| C3.9 | 04:53 | 13741 | GOES16 | ||
| C4.8 | 05:22 | 13738 | GOES16 | ||
| C8.2 | 05:46 | southeast limb | S9874 | GOES16 | incorrectly attributed to AR 13738 by SWPC |
| C6.0 | 06:17 | 13738 | GOES16 | ||
| C4.7 | 07:05 | 13738 | GOES16 | ||
| C4.1 | 07:19 | 13738 | GOES16 | ||
| C4.0 | 07:26 | 13738 | GOES16 | ||
| C4.3 | 07:37 | 13738 | GOES16 | ||
| C4.4 | 07:53 | 13738 | GOES16 | ||
| C3.6 | 08:36 | 13738 | GOES16 | ||
| C3.6 | 08:43 | 13733 | GOES16 | ||
| C4.1 | 09:39 | 13733 | GOES16 | ||
| C3.5 | 10:40 | 13738 | GOES16 | simultaneous flare in AR 13733 | |
| C4.1 | 11:07 | 13738 | GOES16 | ||
| C3.2 | 11:41 | 13729 | GOES16 | ||
| C3.5 | 12:14 | 13733 | GOES16 | ||
| C2.9 | 12:43 | 13738 | GOES16 | ||
| C3.4 | 13:07 | 13738 | GOES16 | ||
| C3.9 | 13:26 | 13738 | GOES16 | ||
| C3.1 | 13:54 | southeast limb | S9874 | GOES16 | |
| C4.5 | 15:07 | 13738 | GOES16 | simultaneous flare in AR 13733 | |
| C4.5 | 15:17 | behind southeast limb | GOES16 | ||
| C4.5 | 15:50 | 13738 | GOES16 | ||
| C3.8 | 16:34 | 13733 | GOES16 | ||
| C3.5 | 16:46 | 13740 | GOES16 | ||
| C3.2 | 17:13 | 13733 | GOES16 | ||
| C5.4 | 17:49 | behind southeast limb | GOES16 | incorrectly attributed to smaller, simultaneous flare in AR 13738 by SWPC | |
| M1.0 | 19:55 | southeast limb | S9874 | GOES16 | |
| C6.5 | 20:14 | 13738 | GOES16 | ||
| M1.3 | 21:27 | behind southeast limb | GOES16 | ||
| M1.4 | 21:59 | southeast limb | S9874 | GOES16 | |
| M2.4 | 22:30 | southeast limb | S9874 | GOES16 | |
| M1.0 | 23:23 | 13738 | GOES16 | ||
| C6.3 | 23:47 | 13738 | GOES16 |
July 5-7: No obviously Earth directed CMEs observed.
[Coronal hole history (since October 2002)]
[Compare today's report to the situation one solar rotation ago:
28 days ago
27 days ago
26 days ago]
A negative polarity southern hemisphere coronal hole (CH1230) was in an Earth facing position on July 6-7. A positive polarity northern hemisphere coronal hole (CH1231) will likely rotate across the central meridian on July 10-11.
Long distance low and medium frequency (below 2 MHz) propagation along paths north of due west over upper middle and high latitudes is poor. Propagation on long distance northeast-southwest paths is poor.
The geomagnetic field is expected to be quiet to unsettled on July 8-9. Quiet to active conditions are possible on July 10-11 due to effects from CH1230.
| Coronal holes (1) | Coronal mass ejections (2) | M and X class flares (3) |
1) Effects from a coronal hole
could reach Earth within the next 5 days. When the high speed
stream has arrived the color changes to green.
2) Effects from a CME are likely to be observed at Earth within 96 hours.
3) There is a possibility of either M or X class flares within the next 48 hours.
Green: 0-30% probability, Yellow: 30-70% probability, Red: 70-100% probability.
(Click on image for 2K resolution).
4K resolution.
Compare to the previous
day's image. 0.5K image
When available the active region map has a coronal hole polarity overlay where red (pink) is negative and blue is positive.
Data for all officially numbered solar regions according to the Solar Region Summary provided by NOAA/SWPC, all other regions are numbered sequentially as they emerge using the STAR spot number. Comments are my own, as is the STAR spot count (spots observed at or inside a few hours before midnight) and data for regions not numbered by SWPC or where SWPC has observed no spots. SWPC active region numbers in the table below and in the active region map above are the historic SWPC/USAF numbers. SWPC data considered to be not sufficiently precise (location, area, classification) are colored red.
| Active region | SWPC date numbered STAR detected |
Spot count | Location at midnight | Area | Classification | SDO / HMI 4K continuum image with magnetic polarity overlays |
Comment | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SWPC/ USAF |
Magnetic (SDO) |
SWPC | STAR | Current | Previous | ||||||
| 2K | 1K | ||||||||||
| 13729 | 2024.06.25 2024.06.26 |
3 | S05W84 | 0040 | CSO |
 |
rotated out of view |
||||
| 13731 | 2024.06.26 2024.06.28 |
S16W76 |
location: S17W66 |
||||||||
| 13733 | 2024.06.28 2024.06.29 |
3 | 4 | 2 | N05W81 | 0150 | DSO | CKO |
 |
 |
location: N05W79 area: 0300 |
| 13734 | 2024.06.28 2024.06.29 |
1 | 12 | 3 | N09W45 | 0010 | AXX | CRO |
 |
 |
location: N08W42 area: 0020 |
| 13735 | 2024.06.29 2024.06.29 |
1 | 4 | 2 | N17W31 | 0010 | AXX | BXO |
 |
 |
|
| S9847 | 2024.06.29 | S13W59 | |||||||||
| S9854 | 2024.07.01 | N23W59 | |||||||||
| 13736 | 2024.07.02 2024.07.03 |
2 | 19 | 4 | S19E16 | 0120 | CSO | CSO |
 |
 |
location: S19E11 area: 0160 |
| S9858 | 2024.07.02 | S23W40 | |||||||||
| S9859 | 2024.07.03 | S27E15 | |||||||||
| S9861 | 2024.07.04 | N10W48 | |||||||||
| 13739 | 2024.07.04 2024.07.06 |
1 | 3 | 1 | N04W26 | 0010 | AXX | BXO |
 |
 |
location: N04W30 area: 0007 |
| 13738 | 2024.07.04 2024.07.05 |
15 | 57 | 34 | S09E44 | 0280 | EKC | EAC |
 |
 |
beta-gamma area: 0640 location: S09E41 |
| S9866 | 2024.07.04 | N24W36 |
 |
||||||||
| 13740 | 2024.07.04 2024.07.06 |
2 | 7 | 4 | S18W18 | 0020 | CRO | DRI |
 |
 |
beta-delta location: S18W17 |
| S9868 | 2024.07.05 | N32W28 | |||||||||
| S9869 | 2024.07.05 | N27W14 | |||||||||
| S9870 | 2024.07.06 | 9 | 1 | S15E01 | 0020 | AXX |
 |
 |
|||
| S9871 | 2024.07.06 | N00W56 |
 |
||||||||
| S9872 | 2024.07.06 | S07E24 |
 |
||||||||
| 13741 | 2024.07.07 2024.07.07 |
1 | 3 | 1 | N09E63 | 0010 | AXX | HRX |
 |
was AR S9843 area: 0020 |
|
| S9874 | 2024.07.07 | 1 | 1 | S23E82 | 0020 | HRX |
 |
||||
| S9875 | 2024.07.07 | 3 | S17E28 | 0004 | AXX |
 |
|||||
| S9876 | 2024.07.07 | 1 | N21W06 | 0002 | AXX |
 |
|||||
| S9877 | 2024.07.07 | 4 | 1 | S26E17 | 0008 | BXO |
 |
||||
| S9878 | 2024.07.07 | 2 | S17W62 | 0002 | BXO |
 |
|||||
| Total spot count: | 29 | 129 | 54 | ||||||||
| Sunspot number: | 119 | 269 | 164 | (total spot count + 10 * number of spotted regions) | |||||||
| Weighted SN: | 57 | 161 | 86 | (Sum of total spot count + classification weighting for each AR. Classification weighting: X=0, R=3, A/S=5, H/K=10) | |||||||
| Relative sunspot number (Wolf number): | 131 | 148 | 131 | ||||||||
| Month | Average solar flux | International sunspot number (WDC-SILSO) |
Smoothed sunspot number (4) | Average ap (3) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Measured | 1 AU | ||||
| 2014.02 | 170.3 (cycle peak) |
166.3 | 146.1 (SC24 peak) | 110.5 | 10.70 |
| 2014.04 | 143.9 | 144.8 | 112.5 | 116.4 (SC24 solar max) | 7.88 |
| 2017.09 | 91.3 | 92.3 | 43.6 | 18.2 (-1.3) | 18.22 (SC24 peak) |
| 2019.11 | 70.2 | 68.7 | 0.5 | 2.0 (-0.6) (Solar minimum using 365d smoothing: November 17, 2019) |
4.19 |
| 2019.12 | 70.8 | 68.6 | 1.6 | 1.8 (-0.2) (ISN 13 months smoothed solar minimum) |
3.22 |
| 2022.10 | 133.5 | 132.7 | 95.5 | 98.9 (+2.4) | 11.16 |
| 2022.11 | 123.4 | 120.7 | 80.5 | 101.2 (+2.3) | 9.33 |
| 2022.12 | 147.9 | 143.4 | 112.8 | 106.7 (+5.5) | 10.99 |
| 2023.01 | 182.4 | 176.6 | 144.4 | 113.3 (+6.6) | 8.73 |
| 2023.02 | 167.2 | 163.2 | 111.3 | 117.8 (+3.5) | 14.48 |
| 2023.03 | 157.2 | 155.6 | 123.3 | 121.1 (+3.3) | 14.42 |
| 2023.04 | 145.4 | 146.4 | 97.6 | 122.9 (+1.8) | 13.40 |
| 2023.05 | 155.6 | 159.2 | 137.4 | 124.2 (+1.3) | 10.67 |
| 2023.06 | 161.7 | 166.8 | 160.5 | 125.3 (+1.1) | 8.95 |
| 2023.07 | 176.4 | 182.2 | 160.0 | 124.4 (-0.9) | 8.15 |
| 2023.08 | 153.7 | 157.6 | 114.8 | 124.1 (-0.3) | 7.19 |
| 2023.09 | 154.4 | 156.0 | 134.2 | 123.9 (-0.2) | 14.26 |
| 2023.10 | 142.8 | 141.9 | 99.4 | 124.8 (+0.9) | 8.16 |
| 2023.11 | 153.5 | 150.2 | 105.4 | 127.8 (+3.0) | 12.20 |
| 2023.12 | 151.1 | 146.4 | 114.2 | 129.4 (+1.6) | 9.60 |
| 2024.01 | 164.6 | 159.3 | 123.0 | (128.9 projected, -0.5) | 5.46 |
| 2024.02 | 172.5 | 168.3 | 124.7 | (129.4 projected, +0.5) | 5.31 |
| 2024.03 | 154.4 | 152.9 | 104.9 | (130.3 projected, +0.9) | 11.03 |
| 2024.04 | 161.3 | 162.6 | 136.5 | (131.0 projected, +0.7) | 9.69 |
| 2024.05 | 187.7 (cycle peak) |
191.9 | 171.7 (SC25 peak) | (133.2 projected, +2.2) | 23.56 (SC25 peak) |
| 2024.06 | 184.3 | 190.2 | 164.2 | (134.9 projected, +1.7) | 10.24 |
| 2024.07 | 168.2 (1) | 33.6 (2A) / 148.7 (2B) / 157.8 (2C) | (134.8 projected, -0.1) | (5.5) | |
| 2024.08 | (134.3 projected, -0.5) | ||||
| 2024.09 | (134.4 projected, +0.1) | ||||
| 2024.10 | (134.3 projected, -0.1) | ||||
| 2024.11 | (132.3 projected, -2.0) | ||||
| 2024.12 | (128.0 projected, -4.3) | ||||
| 2025.01 | (124.0 projected, -4.0) | ||||
1) Running average based on the daily 20:00 UTC observed solar flux value at 2800 MHz
and any corrections applied to that measurement.
2A) Current impact on the monthly sunspot number based on the Boulder (NOAA/SWPC) sunspot number (accumulated daily sunspots / month days).
2B) Boulder SN current month average to date.
2C) STAR SDO 1K Wolf number 30 day average.
3) Running average based on the quicklook and definitive Potsdam WDC ap indices. Values in red
are based on the definitive international
GFZ Potsdam WDC ap indices.
4) Source: WDC-SILSO, Royal Observatory
Of Belgium, Brussels
Sunspot counts in June 2024 were almost at the level of May 2024 and the second highest month during solar cycle 25. Looking at the projected activity for the remainder of this year, solar max now looks likely to occur between May and October 2024. A big decrease in sunspot formation in July 2024 and over the next months could change the projected maximum to earlier in 2024 or even to December 2023.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
This report has been prepared by Jan Alvestad. It is based on the analysis of data from whatever sources are available at the time the report is prepared. All time references are to Universal Time. Comments and suggestions are always welcome.
SDO images are courtesy of NASA/SDO and the AIA, EVE, and HMI science teams.
