The geomagnetic field was at quiet to active levels on June 11. The high latitude magnetometer at Andenes recorded quiet to major storm levels. The above 10 MeV proton flux was at 0.5 pfu at the end of the day. An increase to 9.6 pfu at 05:20 UT on June 12 was observed following a large flare behind the west limb, likely from AR 13697 near 22:50 UT.
Solar flux density measured at 20h UT on 2.8 GHz was 164.9 - decreasing 51.1 over the previous solar rotation. (Centered 1 year average SF at 1 AU - 183 days ago: 161.97. In comparison SC24 peaked on June 28, 2014 at 145.50. Current SC25 peak: 161.97 on December 12, 2023). The Potsdam WDC planetary A index was 11 (STAR Ap - based on the mean of three hour interval ap indices: 10.9). Three hour interval K indices: 44221112 (planetary), 53222212 (Boulder), 56322323 (Andenes).
The background x-ray flux is at the class C1 level (GOES 16).
At the time of counting spots (see image time), spots were observed in 17 active regions using 2K resolution (SN: 298) and in 12 active regions using 1K resolution (SN: 164) SDO/HMI images.
Region 13702 [N17W48] was mostly quiet and
stable.
Region 13707 [S14W06] decayed slowly and was mostly quiet.
Region 13708 [S22E08] was quiet and stable.
Region 13709 [S09E14] decayed slowly and quietly.
Region 13710 [S16W80] decayed slowly and quietly.
Region 13711 [S09E27] decayed slowly and was mostly quiet.
Spotted regions not observed (or interpreted
differently) by SWPC/USAF:
S9778 [N17W25] developed slowly and quietly as new flux emerged.
S9781 [S22W02] was quiet and stable.
S9785 [N14E39] was quiet and stable.
S9786 [S23W25] reemerged with tiny spots.
New region S9792 [N16E60] emerged with tiny
spots.
New region S9793 [S23E67] emerged quickly with several spots after
noon. C flares are likely.
New region S9794 [S15E79] rotated into view with a mature spot.
New region S9795 [S12E84] rotated into view with a couple of spots.
It is not yet certain that ARs S9794 and S9795 are separate regions, and
this split will be reevaluated tomorrow.
New region S9796 [N27E35] was observed with tiny spots in an
old plage area.
New region S9797 [S04W18] was observed with a tiny spot in an old
plage area.
New region S9798 [S20E33] was observed with
tiny spots in an old plage area.
C2+ flares
| Magnitude | Peak time (UT) | Location | Source | Recorded by | Comment |
| C4.2 | 01:25 | behind southwest limb | 13697 | GOES16 | |
| C5.5 | 01:55 | behind southwest limb | 13697 | GOES16 | |
| C9.0 | 03:29 | behind southwest limb | 13697 | GOES16 | |
| C9.2 | 04:43 | behind southwest limb | 13697 | GOES16 | |
| C4.1 | 05:53 | behind southwest limb | 13697 | GOES16 | |
| C3.0 | 07:23 | behind southwest limb | 13697 | GOES16 | |
| C2.6 | 09:32 | behind southeast limb | S9795 | GOES16 | |
| C2.7 | 10:16 | behind southwest limb | 13697 | GOES16 | |
| C2.7 | 14:16 | behind southwest limb | 13697 | GOES16 | |
| C3.5 | 14:40 | behind southwest limb | 13697 | GOES16 | |
| C2.7 | 22:01 | 13711 | GOES16 | ||
| C2.6 | 22:34 | S9793 | GOES16 | ||
| C2.3 | 23:17 | 13707 | GOES16 |
June 9-11: No obviously Earth directed CME observed.
[Coronal hole history (since October 2002)]
[Compare today's report to the situation one solar rotation ago:
28 days ago
27 days ago
26 days ago]
A southern hemisphere negative polarity coronal hole (CH1225) would have been Earth facing on June 10. CH1225 seems to have closed before rotating across the central meridian. A positive polarity trans equatorial coronal hole (CH1226) will likely become Earth facing on June 13-14.
Long distance low and medium frequency (below 2 MHz) propagation along paths north of due west over upper middle and high latitudes is poor. Propagation on long distance northeast-southwest paths is poor.
The geomagnetic field is expected to be quiet to unsettled on June 12-14.
| Coronal holes (1) | Coronal mass ejections (2) | M and X class flares (3) |
1) Effects from a coronal hole
could reach Earth within the next 5 days. When the high speed
stream has arrived the color changes to green.
2) Effects from a CME are likely to be observed at Earth within 96 hours.
3) There is a possibility of either M or X class flares within the next 48 hours.
Green: 0-30% probability, Yellow: 30-70% probability, Red: 70-100% probability.
(Click on image for 2K resolution).
4K resolution.
Compare to the previous
day's image. 0.5K image
When available the active region map has a coronal hole polarity overlay where red (pink) is negative and blue is positive.
Data for all officially numbered solar regions according to the Solar Region Summary provided by NOAA/SWPC, all other regions are numbered sequentially as they emerge using the STAR spot number. Comments are my own, as is the STAR spot count (spots observed at or inside a few hours before midnight) and data for regions not numbered by SWPC or where SWPC has observed no spots. SWPC active region numbers in the table below and in the active region map above are the historic SWPC/USAF numbers. SWPC data considered to be not sufficiently precise (location, area, classification) are colored red.
| Active region | SWPC date numbered STAR detected |
Spot count | Location at midnight | Area | Classification | SDO / HMI 4K continuum image with magnetic polarity overlays |
Comment | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SWPC/ USAF |
Magnetic (SDO) |
SWPC | STAR | Current | Previous | ||||||
| 2K | 1K | ||||||||||
| 13703 | 2024.05.31 2024.06.03 |
2 | S07W89 | 0030 | HAX |
 |
rotated out of view |
||||
| 13702 | 2024.06.01 2024.06.02 |
1 | 10 | 4 | N16W49 | 0030 | HSX | CSO |
 |
 |
area: 0130 |
| S9762 | 2024.06.01 | S14W58 | |||||||||
| 13704 | 2024.06.02 2024.06.03 |
S18W46 |
 |
||||||||
| 13706 | 2024.06.03 2024.06.04 |
S12W68 | location: S12W73 | ||||||||
| S9769 | 2024.06.03 | N09W37 | |||||||||
| S9771 | 2024.06.04 | N36W48 | |||||||||
| S9772 | 2024.06.04 | S05W51 | |||||||||
| S9774 | 2024.06.05 | S27W26 | |||||||||
| 13707 | 2024.06.05 2024.06.06 |
4 | 15 | 5 | S15W07 | 0010 | CSO | CAO |
 |
 |
location: S14W06 area: 0050 |
| 13708 | 2024.06.05 2024.06.06 |
1 | 8 | 4 | S22E07 | 0020 | HAX | CAO |
 |
 |
area: 0100 location: S22E08 |
| 13710 | 2024.06.06 2024.06.09 |
1 | 1 | S16W78 | 0003 | AXX |
 |
 |
location: S16W80 | ||
| S9778 | 2024.06.06 | 5 | 4 | N17W25 | 0010 | CRO |
 |
 |
|||
| 13709 | 2024.06.06 2024.06.07 |
10 | 28 | 11 | S09E13 | 0100 | DAO | CAI |
 |
 |
area: 0330 location: S09E14 |
| S9781 | 2024.06.07 | 11 | S22W02 | 0015 | BXO |
 |
 |
||||
| S9782 | 2024.06.07 | S09E06 | |||||||||
| 13711 | 2024.06.07 2024.06.09 |
3 | 16 | 7 | S08E25 | 0020 | DRO | DRO |
 |
 |
location: S09E27 area: 0040 |
| S9784 | 2024.06.08 | S09W53 | |||||||||
| S9785 | 2024.06.08 | 5 | N14E39 | 0005 | AXX |
 |
 |
||||
| S9786 | 2024.06.08 | 2 | S23W24 | 0002 | BXO |
 |
|||||
| S9787 | 2024.06.09 | S23W48 | |||||||||
| S9789 | 2024.06.09 | N13W00 |
 |
||||||||
| S9791 | 2024.06.10 | S24E20 |
 |
||||||||
| S9792 | 2024.06.11 | 4 | 2 | N16E60 | 0010 | BXO |
 |
||||
| S9793 | 2024.06.11 | 9 | 3 | S23E67 | 0050 | DRI |
 |
||||
| S9794 | 2024.06.11 | 1 | 1 | S15E79 | 0070 | HSX |
 |
||||
| S9795 | 2024.06.11 | 2 | 1 | S12E84 | 0210 | DSO |
 |
||||
| S9796 | 2024.06.11 | 5 | N27E35 | 0007 | BXO |
 |
|||||
| S9797 | 2024.06.11 | 1 | S04W18 | 0003 | AXX |
 |
|||||
| S9798 | 2024.06.11 | 5 | 1 | S20E33 | 0010 | AXX |
 |
||||
| Total spot count: | 21 | 128 | 44 | ||||||||
| Sunspot number: | 81 | 298 | 164 | (total spot count + 10 * number of spotted regions) | |||||||
| Weighted SN: | 49 | 167 | 83 | (Sum of total spot count + classification weighting for each AR. Classification weighting: X=0, R=3, A/S=5, H/K=10) | |||||||
| Relative sunspot number (Wolf number): | 89 | 164 | 131 | ||||||||
| Month | Average solar flux | International sunspot number (WDC-SILSO) |
Smoothed sunspot number (4) | Average ap (3) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Measured | 1 AU | ||||
| 2014.02 | 170.3 (cycle peak) |
166.3 | 146.1 (SC24 peak) | 110.5 | 10.70 |
| 2014.04 | 143.9 | 144.8 | 112.5 | 116.4 (SC24 solar max) | 7.88 |
| 2017.09 | 91.3 | 92.3 | 43.6 | 18.2 (-1.3) | 18.22 (SC24 peak) |
| 2019.11 | 70.2 | 68.7 | 0.5 | 2.0 (-0.6) (Solar minimum using 365d smoothing: November 17, 2019) |
4.19 |
| 2019.12 | 70.8 | 68.6 | 1.6 | 1.8 (-0.2) (ISN 13 months smoothed solar minimum) |
3.22 |
| 2022.10 | 133.5 | 132.7 | 95.5 | 98.9 (+2.4) | 11.16 |
| 2022.11 | 123.4 | 120.7 | 80.5 | 101.2 (+2.3) | 9.33 |
| 2022.12 | 147.9 | 143.4 | 112.8 | 106.7 (+5.5) | 10.99 |
| 2023.01 | 182.4 | 176.6 | 144.4 | 113.3 (+6.6) | 8.73 |
| 2023.02 | 167.2 | 163.2 | 111.3 | 117.8 (+3.5) | 14.48 |
| 2023.03 | 157.2 | 155.6 | 123.3 | 121.1 (+3.3) | 14.42 |
| 2023.04 | 145.4 | 146.4 | 97.6 | 122.9 (+1.8) | 13.40 |
| 2023.05 | 155.6 | 159.2 | 137.4 | 124.2 (+1.3) | 10.67 |
| 2023.06 | 161.7 | 166.8 | 160.5 | 125.3 (+1.1) | 8.95 |
| 2023.07 | 176.4 | 182.2 | 160.0 | 124.4 (-0.9) | 8.15 |
| 2023.08 | 153.7 | 157.6 | 114.8 | 124.1 (-0.3) | 7.19 |
| 2023.09 | 154.4 | 156.0 | 134.2 | 123.9 (-0.2) | 14.26 |
| 2023.10 | 142.8 | 141.9 | 99.4 | 124.8 (+0.9) | 8.16 |
| 2023.11 | 153.5 | 150.2 | 105.4 | 127.8 (+3.0) | 12.20 |
| 2023.12 | 151.1 | 146.4 | 114.2 | (128.7 projected, +0.9) | 9.60 |
| 2024.01 | 164.6 | 159.3 | 123.0 | (127.0 projected, -1.7) | 5.46 |
| 2024.02 | 172.5 | 168.3 | 124.7 | (126.2 projected, -0.8) | 5.31 |
| 2024.03 | 154.4 | 152.9 | 104.9 | (125.6 projected, -0.6) | 11.03 |
| 2024.04 | 161.3 | 162.6 | 136.5 | (125.6 projected, -0.0) | 9.69 |
| 2024.05 | 187.7 (cycle peak) |
191.9 | 171.7 (SC25 peak) | (126.7 projected, +1.1) | 23.56 (current SC25 peak) |
| 2024.06 | 184.6 (1) | 60.7 (2A) / 165.6 (2B) / 172.9 (2C) | (125.9 projected, -0.8) | (9.2) | |
| 2024.07 | (124.2 projected, -1.7) | ||||
| 2024.08 | (122.2 projected, -2.0) | ||||
| 2024.09 | (121.0 projected, -1.2) | ||||
| 2024.10 | (119.6 projected, -1.4) | ||||
| 2024.11 | (114.5 projected, -5.1) | ||||
| 2024.12 | (109.1 projected, -5.4) | ||||
1) Running average based on the daily 20:00 UTC observed solar flux value at 2800 MHz
and any corrections applied to that measurement.
2A) Current impact on the monthly sunspot number based on the Boulder (NOAA/SWPC) sunspot number (accumulated daily sunspots / month days).
2B) Boulder SN current month average to date.
2C) STAR SDO 1K Wolf number 30 day average.
3) Running average based on the quicklook and definitive Potsdam WDC ap indices. Values in red
are based on the definitive international
GFZ Potsdam WDC ap indices.
4) Source: WDC-SILSO, Royal Observatory
Of Belgium, Brussels
May 2024 easily became the month with the highest sunspot counts during solar cycle 25, and early June has seen no change in that pattern of many spot groups, some of which are large and complex. The next candidate for solar max is still uncertain, however, May 20-21, 2024 has all of the smoothed 365d sunspot numbers as well as the 365d smoothed solar flux signalling a peak on those days.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
This report has been prepared by Jan Alvestad. It is based on the analysis of data from whatever sources are available at the time the report is prepared. All time references are to Universal Time. Comments and suggestions are always welcome.
SDO images are courtesy of NASA/SDO and the AIA, EVE, and HMI science teams.
