The geomagnetic field was at quiet to minor storm levels. Solar wind speed at SOHO ranged between 333 and 458 km/sec, averaging 400 km/sec (-2 km/sec compared to the previous day). A solar wind shock was observed at SOHO at 11:09 UT caused by a slow CME that probably left the Sun on June 27. The Bz component of the IMF has since been mostly northwards with the exception of a moderately southwards interval 15:40-17:50 UT at SOLAR1. The high latitude magnetometer at Andenes was at quiet to minor storm levels. The above 10 MeV proton flux was at background levels all day.
Solar flux density measured at 20h UT on 2.8 GHz was 202.6 - increasing 55.8 over the previous solar rotation.
The 365 day average solar flux at 1 AU was 140.64 (183 days ago). The 81 day average solar flux at 1 AU was 131.8 (41 days ago, this is 39.7% of the total SC25 solar flux range from the max 81 day average peak on September 4, 2024 at 227.3 and an average 81 day flux of 69 at solar minimum). SC25 365d peak: 195.9 on October 13, 2024.
The Potsdam WDC planetary A index was 18 (STAR Ap - based on the average of three hour interval ap indices: 18.5). Three hour interval K indices: 00143553 (planetary), 11034455 (Boulder), 10133544 (Andenes).
The background x-ray flux is at the class C2 level (GOES 19).
At the time of counting spots (see image time), spots were observed in 9 active regions using 2K resolution (SN: 345) and in 7 active regions using 1K resolution (SN: 205) SDO/HMI images.
AR 14475 [S09W62] decayed slowly and lost the
magnetic delta configuration after the major M5 flare. C1 flares: C1.7 @
08:27, C1.6 @ 10:15, C1.8 @ 10:39 UT
AR 14477 [S13W25] gained a few spots and was mostly quiet.
AR 14478 [S06W06] still has several small magnetic delta
configurations. Some penumbral disintegration was observed in the trailing
spot section hinting at a decay process. Major flares are possible.
AR 14479 [N16W24] developed further and has multiple magnetic delta
configurations. The highest magnetic shear is in the northeastern part of
the huge trailing penumbra. Further major flares are possible. C1 flares:
C1.8 @ 09:07 UT
AR 14480 [S18W33] decayed slowly and was mostly quiet.
Spotted regions not observed (or interpreted
differently) by SWPC/USAF:
AR S12176 [S15W31] reemerged with many spots as
new flux emerged. The region is close to both ARs 14477 and 14480.
AR S12180 [N17E05] gained a leader spot and was quiet.
New AR S12184 [S05W54] emerged with a tiny
spot.
New AR S12185 [S23W15] emerged with tiny spots.
C2+ flares
| Magnitude | Peak time (UT) | Location | Source | Recorded by | Comment |
| M1.3 | 01:16 | 14475 | GOES18 | ||
| C5.6 | 01:50 | 14478 | GOES18 | ||
| C4.2 | 02:39 | 14478 | GOES18 | ||
| C3.2 | 03:19 | 14475 | GOES18 | ||
| C2.5 | 03:45 | 14475 | GOES18 | ||
| C2.8 | 03:58 | 14475 | GOES18 | ||
| C2.4 | 04:08 | 14477 | GOES18 | ||
| C2.1 | 05:38 | 14477 | GOES18 | ||
| C3.8 | 06:33 | S16W20 | S12176 | GOES18 | |
| C2.8 | 07:10 | 14475 | GOES18 | ||
| C2.6 | 07:23 | 14480 | GOES18 | ||
| C3.0 | 07:36 | 14475 | GOES18 | ||
| C2.8 | 09:20 | S08W52 | 14475 | GOES18 | |
| C2.8 | 09:27 | 14478 | GOES18 | ||
| C3.3 | 09:36 | S10W53 | 14475 | GOES18 | |
| C2.0 | 10:49 | 14479 | GOES18 | ||
| C2.1 | 11:06 | 14479 | GOES18 | ||
| C2.5 | 11:17 | 14475 | GOES18 | ||
| C2.7 | 11:28 | 14475 | GOES18 | ||
| C2.8 | 11:36 | 14479 | GOES18 | ||
| C2.1 | 11:59 | 14478 | GOES18 | ||
| C4.3/1F | 12:34 | S10W20 | 14477 | GOES18 | |
| M5.3 | 12:51 | 14475 | GOES18 | ||
| M5.8 | 12:57 | 14475 | GOES18 | ||
| C2.5 | 14:45 | 14479 | GOES18 | ||
| C2.6 | 15:06 | 14479 | GOES18 | ||
| C2.2 | 15:16 | 14478 | GOES18 | ||
| C3.2 | 16:26 | S06W02 | 14478 | GOES18 | |
| C5.7/1N | 16:47 | S16W21 | 14477 | GOES18 | |
| C5.0/1N | 17:26 | N12W18 | 14479 | GOES18 | |
| C2.3 | 18:29 | 14479 | GOES18 | ||
| C3.2 | 18:40 | 14475 | GOES18 | ||
| C4.9 | 18:48 | 14475 | GOES18 | ||
| C6.2 | 19:55 | 14475 | GOES18 | ||
| C9.1 | 19:58 | 14478 | GOES18 | ||
| X1.1/2B | 20:50 | N14W19 | 14479 | GOES18 | strong type II and IV radio sweeps, full halo CME |
| M1.3 | 21:27 | 14475 | GOES18 | ||
| C4.4 | 22:27 | 14475 | GOES18 | ||
| C5.1 | 23:18 | 14475 | GOES18 | ||
| C4.0 | 23:37 | 14475 | GOES18 |
June 28-29: No obviously Earth directed CMEs were observed in
available coronagraph imagery.
June 30: A full halo CME was observed after the X1.1 flare in AR
14479 at 20:50 UT. The CME will likely reach Earth either late on July 2 or
on July 3.
[Coronal
hole history (since October 2002)]
[Compare today's report to the situation one solar rotation ago:
28 days ago
27 days ago
26 days ago]
An extension of the southern polar coronal hole may extend sufficiently far to the north to cause geomagnetic effects.
The geomagnetic field is expected to be at quiet to active levels on July 1 and the first half of July 2 due to CME effects. Unsettled to severe storm conditions are likely when the June 30 CME reaches Earth either late on July 2 or on July 3.
| Coronal holes (1) | Coronal mass ejections (2) | M and X class flares (3) |
1) Effects from a coronal hole could
reach Earth within the next 5 days. When the high speed stream has arrived
the color changes to green.
2) Effects from a CME are likely to be observed at Earth within 96 hours.
3) There is a possibility of either M or X class flares within the next 48 hours.
Green: 0-30% probability, Yellow: 30-70% probability, Red: 70-100% probability.
(Click on image for 2K resolution).
4K resolution.
Compare to the previous day's image. 0.5K image
When available the active region map has a coronal hole polarity overlay where red (pink) is negative and blue is positive.
Data for all officially numbered solar regions according to the Solar Region Summary provided by NOAA/SWPC, all other regions are numbered sequentially as they emerge using the STAR spot number. Comments are my own, as is the STAR spot count (spots observed at or inside a few hours before midnight) and data for regions not numbered by SWPC or where SWPC has observed no spots. SWPC active region numbers in the table below and in the active region map above are the historic SWPC/USAF numbers. SWPC data considered to be not sufficiently precise (location, area, classification) are colored red.
| Active region | SWPC date numbered STAR detected |
Spot count | Location at midnight | Area | Classification | SDO / HMI 4K continuum image with magnetic polarity overlays |
Comment | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SWPC/ USAF |
STAR | SWPC | STAR | Current | Previous | ||||||
| 2K | 1K | ||||||||||
| 14472 | 2026.06.18 2026.06.19 |
S15W82 |
was AR S12157 location: S13W78 |
||||||||
| 14473 | 2026.06.19 2026.06.20 |
S07W78 |
was AR S12160 location: S08W64 SWPC moved this AR to the location of AR S12167 on 2026.06.25 |
||||||||
| 14475 | 2026.06.20 2026.06.22 |
17 | 24 | 9 | S09W63 | 0090 | DAI | ERI |
 |
 |
beta-gamma was AR S12162 location: S09W62 |
| 14476 | 2026.06.22 2026.06.23 |
N08W86 |
was AR S12165 location: N08W83 |
||||||||
| 14477 | 2026.06.22 2026.06.23 |
6 | 16 | 5 | S14W31 | 0010 | BXO | BXO |
 |
 |
was AR S12168 area: 0025 location: S13W25 SWPC on 2026.06.30 moved this AR to the location of AR S12176 |
| 14478 | 2026.06.23 2026.06.24 |
33 | 95 | 51 | S05W06 | 1280 | FKI | FKC |
 |
 |
beta-gamma-delta was AR S12170 area: 2120 location: S06W06 |
| 14479 | 2026.06.23 2026.06.24 |
27 | 83 | 50 | N16W24 | 0520 | EKI | EKC |
 |
 |
beta-gamma-delta was AR S12171 area: 1290 |
| S12172 | 2026.06.24 | S05W31 | |||||||||
| 14480 | 2026.06.26 2026.06.27 |
6 | 11 | 8 | S18W30 | 0040 | CSO | CAO |
 |
 |
was AR S12175 location: S18W33 |
| S12176 | 2026.06.27 | 20 | 10 | S15W31 | 0080 | DRI |
 |
beta-gamma | |||
| S12177 | 2026.06.27 | S02W19 | |||||||||
| S12178 | 2026.06.27 | N00W22 | |||||||||
| S12179 | 2026.06.27 | N25W47 | |||||||||
| S12180 | 2026.06.28 | 3 | 2 | N17E05 | 0006 | BXO |
 |
 |
|||
| S12181 | 2026.06.28 | N17E01 |
 |
||||||||
| S12183 | 2026.06.29 | S14E34 |
 |
||||||||
| S12184 | 2026.06.30 | 1 | S05W54 | 0002 | AXX |
 |
|||||
| S12185 | 2026.06.30 | 2 | S23W15 | 0002 | AXX |
 |
|||||
| Total spot count: | 89 | 255 | 135 | ||||||||
| Sunspot number: | 139 | 345 | 205 | (total spot count + 10 * number of spotted regions) | |||||||
| Weighted SN: | 119 | 286 | 168 | (Sum of total spot count + classification weighting for each AR. Classification weighting: X=0, R=3, A/S=5, H/K=10) | |||||||
| Relative sunspot number (Wolf number): | 153 | 190 | 164 | ||||||||
| Month | Average solar flux | International sunspot number (WDC-SILSO) |
Smoothed sunspot number (4) | Average
ap (3) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Measured | 1 AU | ||||
| 2024.05 | 187.7 | 191.9 | 172.1 | 149.1 (+4.6) | 23.56 (SC25 peak) |
| 2024.08 | 246.1 (SC25 peak) |
252.2 | 216.0 (SC25 peak) | 156.8 (+1.8) | 15.96 |
| 2024.10 | 221.0 | 219.6 | 165.8 | 160.9 (+1.5) (SC25 solar max) | 18.99 |
| 2025.03 | 163.7 | 162.1 | 134.2 | 135.9 (-3.9) | 15.96 |
| 2025.04 | 162.5 | 163.6 | 141.4 | 133.3 (-2.6) | 17.62 |
| 2025.05 | 135.3 | 138.3 | 78.5 | 128.6 (-4.7) | 17.26 |
| 2025.06 | 131.3 | 135.4 | 114.6 | 124.7 (-3.9) | 21.43 |
| 2025.07 | 137.8 | 142.3 | 125.9 | 122.4 (-2.3) | 11.80 |
| 2025.08 | 154.9 | 158.7 | 133.7 | 118.2 (-4.2) | 9.97 |
| 2025.09 | 154.4 | 156.0 | 129.7 | 112.9 (-5.3) | 14.02 |
| 2025.10 | 139.5 | 138.6 | 114.6 | 108.3 (-4.6) | 15.64 |
| 2025.11 | 140.3 | 137.3 | 91.7 | 106.7 (-1.6) | 21.01 |
| 2025.12 | 160.8 | 155.8 | 124.0 | (106.4 projected, -0.3) | 13.35 |
| 2026.01 | 148.7 | 144.0 | 112.6 | (102.7 projected, -3.7) | 22.47 |
| 2026.02 | 136.4 | 133.1 | 78.2 | (98.5 projected, -4.2) | 12.88 |
| 2026.03 | 131.0 | 129.7 | 85.9 | (93.9 projected, -4.6) | 15.44 |
| 2026.04 | 120.0 | 120.9 | 79.3 | (90.0 projected, -3.9) | 12.10 |
| 2026.05 | 125.4 | 128.2 | 101.4 | (88.7 projected, -1.3) | 9.80 |
| 2026.06 | 137.9 | 142.2 | 94.3 | (86.6 projected, -2.1) | 9.7 |
| 2026.07 | (1) | (2A) / (2B) / 116.1 (2C) | (82.2 projected, -4.4) | () | |
| 2026.08 | (80.1 projected, -2.1) | ||||
| 2026.09 | (79.1 projected, -1.0) | ||||
| 2026.10 | (77.1 projected, -2.0) | ||||
| 2026.11 | (74.3 projected, -2.8) | ||||
1) Running average based on the daily 20:00 UTC observed solar flux value
at 2800 MHz and any corrections applied to that measurement.
2A) Current impact on the monthly sunspot number based on the Boulder
(NOAA/SWPC) sunspot number (accumulated daily sunspots / month days).
2B) Boulder SN current month average to date.
2C) STAR SDO 1K Wolf number 27 day average.
3) Running average based on the quicklook and definitive Potsdam WDC ap
indices. Values in red
are based on the definitive international
GFZ Potsdam WDC ap
indices.
4) Source: WDC-SILSO, Royal Observatory
Of Belgium, Brussels
Solar activity appears to have exited the solar max phase as of February
2026 with a strong decrease in the number of sunspots observed. The northern
polar field has weakened considerably over the last months, and although
there is a chance the the field could recover over the next 1-2 years, there
is an increasing chance that solar cycle 26 will be very weak. The southern
polar field is not impressive either, however, a southern polar coronal hole
has formed early in 2026 and appears to be growing.
All 365 day smoothed sunspot numbers reached a maximum on October 11-12, 2024.
This became the peak of SC25 (365 day smoothed peaks: STAR 1K: 236.1, STAR 2K: 364.3, NOAA SN: 156.0, ISN: 163.9),
while the 365d
smoothed solar flux peaked on October 13, 2024, just 1.7% below the SC23
peak, and 62.6% above the SC24 peak.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
This report has been prepared by Jan Alvestad. It is based on the analysis of data from whichever sources are available at the time the report is prepared. All time references are to Universal Time. Comments and suggestions are always welcome.
SDO images are courtesy of NASA/SDO and the AIA, EVE, and HMI science teams.
