The geomagnetic field was at quiet to active levels due to weakening CME effects. Solar wind speed at SOHO ranged between 370 and 492 km/sec, averaging 426 km/sec (+26 km/sec compared to the previous day). The high latitude magnetometer at Andenes was at quiet to active levels. The above 10 MeV proton flux was at background levels all day.
Solar flux density measured at 17h UT on 2.8 GHz was 201.2 - increasing 53.4 over the previous solar rotation. The measurement at 20h was flare enhanced and therefore discarded.
The 365 day average solar flux at 1 AU was 140.86 (183 days ago). The 81 day average solar flux at 1 AU was 133.2 (41 days ago, this is 40.6% of the total SC25 solar flux range from the max 81 day average peak on September 4, 2024 at 227.3 and an average 81 day flux of 69 at solar minimum). SC25 365d peak: 195.9 on October 13, 2024.
The Potsdam WDC planetary A index was 12 (STAR Ap - based on the average of three hour interval ap indices: 12.1). Three hour interval K indices: 43113232 (planetary), 54224332 (Boulder), 44123220 (Andenes).
The background x-ray flux is at the class C3 level (GOES 19).
At the time of counting spots (see image time), spots were observed in 10 active regions using 2K resolution (SN: 340) and in 8 active regions using 1K resolution (SN: 217) SDO/HMI images.
AR 14475 [S09W72] decayed further yet managed
to produce several C flares and one M flare.
AR 14477 [S16W40] developed significantly as new flux emerged in the
southern parts. A magnetic delta configuration formed and the region could
produce M flares.
AR 14478 [S06W20] has a magnetic delta in the southern part of the
huge leader spot. Further major flares are possible.
AR 14479 [N17W37] has multiple magnetic delta configurations in the
trailing spot section and small magnetic deltas at the western edge of the
leading penumbral area. The region produced many M flares and major flares
are possible.
AR 14480 [S18W46] decayed further losing mature penumbra. SWPC, for
unknown reasons, decided to group all the spots of AR 14477 and S12176
together into this group disregarding that AR 14480 has been decaying
steadily for several days.
Spotted regions not observed (or interpreted
differently) by SWPC/USAF:
AR S12176 [S16W44] gained spots and could
produce C flares. SWPC decided to include these spots in AR 14480.
AR S12180 [N16W10] was quiet and stable.
AR S12184 [S05W66] was quiet and stable.
New AR S12186 [S20E39] emerged with tiny spots.
New AR S12187 [S12E68] rotated into view with tiny spots. C1 flares:
C1.7 @ 03:20 UT
C2+ flares
| Magnitude | Peak time (UT) | Location | Source | Recorded by | Comment |
| C2.2 | 00:18 | 14478 | GOES18 | ||
| C2.3 | 00:45 | 14478 | GOES18 | ||
| C2.3 | 01:01 | 14475 | GOES18 | ||
| C2.1 | 01:35 | 14475 | GOES18 | ||
| C2.3 | 02:53 | 14478 | GOES18 | ||
| C2.1 | 03:58 | 14479 | GOES18 | ||
| C2.6 | 04:10 | 14479 | GOES18 | ||
| C3.0 | 04:21 | 14478 | GOES18 | ||
| C7.6 | 04:56 | S06W07 | 14478 | GOES18 | LDE |
| C5.6 | 05:14 | 14479 | GOES18 | ||
| C2.5 | 06:05 | 14479 | GOES18 | ||
| M1.1 | 06:27 | N17W21 | 14479 | GOES18 | |
| M1.0/1N | 06:43 | 14479 | GOES18 | ||
| C3.6 | 06:54 | 14477 | GOES18 | ||
| M1.5 | 07:35 | 14479 | GOES18 | ||
| C2.1 | 07:51 | 14479 | GOES18 | ||
| M2.5 | 08:17 | N17W21 | 14479 | GOES18 | |
| C4.3 | 08:54 | 14478 | GOES18 | LDE | |
| C3.2 | 09:46 | 14479 | GOES18 | ||
| M1.3/1N | 10:08 | N19W24 | 14479 | GOES18 | |
| M1.0 | 11:25 | 14479 | GOES18 | LDE, CME | |
| M1.1 | 11:55 | 14479 | GOES18 | ||
| C8.7 | 11:48 | 14479 | GOES18 | ||
| M1.0 | 12:19 | 14479 | GOES18 | LDE | |
| M1.2 | 12:44 | 14479 | GOES18 | ||
| C9.7 | 13:08 | 14479 | GOES18 | simultaneous flare in AR 14475 | |
| M1.1 | 14:31 | 14479 | GOES18 | ||
| M2.6/2N | 14:54 | 14479 | GOES18 | LDE, CME | |
| M1.1 | 15:27 | S12176 | GOES18 | ||
| C3.8 | 16:14 | 14479 | GOES18 | ||
| C8.2 | 17:12 | S11W75 | 14475 | GOES18 | |
| C3.6 | 18:37 | 14478 | GOES18 | ||
| C6.0 | 19:04 | 14477 | GOES18 | ||
| M3.5/2B | 19:43 | N15W32 | 14479 | GOES18 | LDE |
| M1.0 | 20:17 | 14479 | GOES18 | ||
| M1.8 | 20:22 | S10W75 | 14475 | GOES18 | |
| C5.1 | 22:04 | 14479 | GOES18 | ||
| C5.4 | 22:40 | S12176 | GOES18 | ||
| M8.5/2B | 23:09 | S10W25 | 14478 | GOES18 | |
| M1.1 | 00:02 | 14478 | GOES18 | flare started at 23:52 UT |
June 29: No obviously Earth directed CMEs were observed in
available coronagraph imagery.
June 30: A full halo CME was observed after the X1.1 flare in AR
14479 at 20:50 UT. The CME will likely reach Earth after noon on July 2 or
early on July 3.
July 1: Multiple CMEs were observed after flares in AR 14479 and will
likely reach Earth on July 4.
[Coronal
hole history (since October 2002)]
[Compare today's report to the situation one solar rotation ago:
28 days ago
27 days ago
26 days ago]
An extension of the southern polar coronal hole (CH1381) will be Earth facing on July 1-2.
The geomagnetic field is expected to be at quiet to unsettled levels the first half of July 2. Unsettled to severe storm conditions are likely when the June 30 and July 1 CMEs reach Earth starting sometime after noon on July 2 or early on July 3 with effects likely lasting until July 5. While effects from CH1381 could reach Earth on July 4-5, ongoing CME effects could mask this disturbance.
| Coronal holes (1) | Coronal mass ejections (2) | M and X class flares (3) |
1) Effects from a coronal hole could
reach Earth within the next 5 days. When the high speed stream has arrived
the color changes to green.
2) Effects from a CME are likely to be observed at Earth within 96 hours.
3) There is a possibility of either M or X class flares within the next 48 hours.
Green: 0-30% probability, Yellow: 30-70% probability, Red: 70-100% probability.
(Click on image for 2K resolution).
4K resolution.
Compare to the previous day's image. 0.5K image
When available the active region map has a coronal hole polarity overlay where red (pink) is negative and blue is positive.
Data for all officially numbered solar regions according to the Solar Region Summary provided by NOAA/SWPC, all other regions are numbered sequentially as they emerge using the STAR spot number. Comments are my own, as is the STAR spot count (spots observed at or inside a few hours before midnight) and data for regions not numbered by SWPC or where SWPC has observed no spots. SWPC active region numbers in the table below and in the active region map above are the historic SWPC/USAF numbers. SWPC data considered to be not sufficiently precise (location, area, classification) are colored red.
| Active region | SWPC date numbered STAR detected |
Spot count | Location at midnight | Area | Classification | SDO / HMI 4K continuum image with magnetic polarity overlays |
Comment | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SWPC/ USAF |
STAR | SWPC | STAR | Current | Previous | ||||||
| 2K | 1K | ||||||||||
| 14475 | 2026.06.20 2026.06.22 |
9 | 5 | 3 | S09W74 | 0020 | CRI | CRO |
 |
 |
was AR S12162 location: S09W72 |
| 14477 | 2026.06.22 2026.06.23 |
22 | 11 | S14W45 | 0100 | DAC |
 |
 |
beta-delta was AR S12168 location: S16W40 SWPC on 2026.06.30 moved this AR to the location of AR S12176. On 2026.07.01 the spots of AR 14477 were included in AR 14480 |
||
| 14478 | 2026.06.23 2026.06.24 |
45 | 107 | 56 | S05W20 | 1550 | FKI | FKC |
 |
 |
beta-gamma-delta was AR S12170 area: 1940 location: S06W20 |
| 14479 | 2026.06.23 2026.06.24 |
34 | 63 | 46 | N17W38 | 0660 | EKI | EKC |
 |
 |
beta-gamma-delta was AR S12171 area: 1150 |
| S12172 | 2026.06.24 | S05W44 | |||||||||
| 14480 | 2026.06.26 2026.06.27 |
18 | 7 | 3 | S16W43 | 0040 | CSO | CAO |
 |
 |
was AR S12175 location: S18W46 on 2026.07.01 SWPC decided to include the spots of ARs 14477 and S12176 in this AR |
| S12176 | 2026.06.27 | 23 | 16 | S16W44 | 0100 | DRI |
 |
 |
beta-gamma | ||
| S12177 | 2026.06.27 | S02W32 | |||||||||
| S12178 | 2026.06.27 | N00W35 | |||||||||
| S12180 | 2026.06.28 | 4 | 1 | N16W10 | 0005 | BXO |
 |
 |
|||
| S12181 | 2026.06.28 | N17W12 | |||||||||
| S12183 | 2026.06.29 | S14E21 | |||||||||
| S12184 | 2026.06.30 | 3 | 1 | S05W66 | 0005 | BXO |
 |
 |
|||
| S12185 | 2026.06.30 | S23W28 |
 |
||||||||
| S12186 | 2026.07.01 | 3 | S20E39 | 0005 | BXO |
 |
|||||
| S12187 | 2026.07.01 | 3 | S12E68 | 0003 | AXX |
 |
|||||
| Total spot count: | 106 | 240 | 137 | ||||||||
| Sunspot number: | 146 | 340 | 217 | (total spot count + 10 * number of spotted regions) | |||||||
| Weighted SN: | 134 | 276 | 173 | (Sum of total spot count + classification weighting for each AR. Classification weighting: X=0, R=3, A/S=5, H/K=10) | |||||||
| Relative sunspot number (Wolf number): | 161 | 187 | 174 | ||||||||
| Month | Average solar flux | International sunspot number (WDC-SILSO) |
Smoothed sunspot number (4) | Average
ap (3) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Measured | 1 AU | ||||
| 2024.05 | 187.7 | 191.9 | 172.1 | 149.1 (+4.6) | 23.56 (SC25 peak) |
| 2024.08 | 246.1 (SC25 peak) |
252.2 | 216.0 (SC25 peak) | 156.8 (+1.8) | 15.96 |
| 2024.10 | 221.0 | 219.6 | 165.8 | 160.9 (+1.5) (SC25 solar max) | 18.99 |
| 2025.04 | 162.5 | 163.6 | 141.4 | 133.3 (-2.6) | 17.62 |
| 2025.05 | 135.3 | 138.3 | 78.5 | 128.6 (-4.7) | 17.26 |
| 2025.06 | 131.3 | 135.4 | 114.6 | 124.7 (-3.9) | 21.43 |
| 2025.07 | 137.8 | 142.3 | 125.9 | 122.4 (-2.3) | 11.80 |
| 2025.08 | 154.9 | 158.7 | 133.7 | 118.2 (-4.2) | 9.97 |
| 2025.09 | 154.4 | 156.0 | 129.7 | 112.9 (-5.3) | 14.02 |
| 2025.10 | 139.5 | 138.6 | 114.6 | 108.3 (-4.6) | 15.64 |
| 2025.11 | 140.3 | 137.3 | 91.7 | 106.7 (-1.6) | 21.01 |
| 2025.12 | 160.8 | 155.8 | 124.0 | 106.8 (-0.1) | 13.35 |
| 2026.01 | 148.7 | 144.0 | 112.6 | (104.2 projected, -2.6) | 22.47 |
| 2026.02 | 136.4 | 133.1 | 78.2 | (99.8 projected, -4.4) | 12.88 |
| 2026.03 | 131.0 | 129.7 | 85.9 | (94.5 projected, -4.3) | 15.44 |
| 2026.04 | 120.0 | 120.9 | 79.3 | (90.6 projected, -3.9) | 12.10 |
| 2026.05 | 125.4 | 128.2 | 101.4 | (89.4 projected, -1.2) | 9.80 |
| 2026.06 | 137.9 | 142.2 | 94.3 | (87.2 projected, -2.2) | 9.7 |
| 2026.07 | 201.2 (1) | 4.7 (2A) / 146 (2B) / 117.0 (2C) | (82.8 projected, -4.4) | (12.1) | |
| 2026.08 | (80.7 projected, -2.1) | ||||
| 2026.09 | (79.7 projected, -1.0) | ||||
| 2026.10 | (77.7 projected, -2.0) | ||||
| 2026.11 | (74.9 projected, -2.8) | ||||
| 2026.12 | (71.7 projected, -3.2) | ||||
1) Running average based on the daily 20:00 UTC observed solar flux value
at 2800 MHz and any corrections applied to that measurement.
2A) Current impact on the monthly sunspot number based on the Boulder
(NOAA/SWPC) sunspot number (accumulated daily sunspots / month days).
2B) Boulder SN current month average to date.
2C) STAR SDO 1K Wolf number 27 day average.
3) Running average based on the quicklook and definitive Potsdam WDC ap
indices. Values in red
are based on the definitive international
GFZ Potsdam WDC ap
indices.
4) Source: WDC-SILSO, Royal Observatory
Of Belgium, Brussels
Solar activity appears to have exited the solar max phase as of February
2026 with a strong decrease in the number of sunspots observed. The northern
polar field has weakened considerably over the last months, and although
there is a chance the the field could recover over the next 1-2 years, there
is an increasing chance that solar cycle 26 will be very weak. The southern
polar field is not impressive either, however, a southern polar coronal hole
has formed early in 2026 and appears to be growing.
All 365 day smoothed sunspot numbers reached a maximum on October 11-12, 2024.
This became the peak of SC25 (365 day smoothed peaks: STAR 1K: 236.1, STAR 2K: 364.3, NOAA SN: 156.0, ISN: 163.9),
while the 365d
smoothed solar flux peaked on October 13, 2024, just 1.7% below the SC23
peak, and 62.6% above the SC24 peak.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
This report has been prepared by Jan Alvestad. It is based on the analysis of data from whichever sources are available at the time the report is prepared. All time references are to Universal Time. Comments and suggestions are always welcome.
SDO images are courtesy of NASA/SDO and the AIA, EVE, and HMI science teams.
