The geomagnetic field was at quiet to unsettled levels on June 10. Solar wind speed at SOHO ranged between 379 and 467 km/sec, averaging 427 km/sec (-54 km/sec compared to the previous day). The high latitude magnetometer at Andenes recorded quiet to minor storm levels. The above 10 MeV proton flux was at background levels all day.
Solar flux density measured at 20h UT on 2.8 GHz was 129.6 - increasing 7.8 over the previous solar rotation. The 365 day average solar flux at 1 AU was 188.27 (183 days ago). SC25 365d peak: 195.86 on October 13, 2024. The Potsdam WDC planetary A index was 7 (STAR Ap - based on the mean of three hour interval ap indices: 7.4). Three hour interval K indices: 31222122 (planetary), 32332333 (Boulder), 52222334 (Andenes).
The background x-ray flux is at the class B9 level (GOES 19).
At the time of counting spots (see image time), spots were observed in 12 active regions using 2K resolution (SN: 300) and in 10 active regions using 1K resolution (SN: 176) SDO/HMI images.
AR 14105 [S14W19] lost many spots, however, the
largest penumbra increased its area. The region was mostly
quiet. C1 flares: C1.4 @ 01:44, C1.3 @ 19:05 UT
AR 14108 [S21W60] developed slowly and quietly.
AR 14109 [S16W06] decayed slowly and quietly.
AR 14110 [N04W02] decayed slowly and quietly.
AR 14111 [N14E53] was mostly quiet and stable.
New AR 14112 [S07E36] emerged on June 8 and was numbered by SWPC 2
days later.
Spotted regions not observed (or interpreted
differently) by SWPC/USAF:
S11116 [N12W55] was quiet and stable.
S11120 [N10W21] was quiet and stable.
S11145 [S15W40] developed quickly with
most spots in a large magnetic delta configuration. A major flare is
possible. SWPC moved AR 14107 to this region on June 10. C1 flares: C1.7 @
22:19 UT
New region S11148 [N14E11] was observed with tiny spots in an
old plage area.
New region S11149 [N11E75] rotated into view
with small spots. C1 flares: C1.2 @ 04:48, C1.6 @ 16:28 UT
New region S11150 [N17E79] rotated into view with tiny spots. C1
flares: C1.9 @ 17:51 UT
C2+ flares
| Magnitude | Peak time (UT) | Location | Source | Recorded by | Comment |
| C3.5 | 03:14 | S16W28 | S11145 | GOES18 | |
| C2.2 | 05:34 | S11145 | GOES18 | simultaneous flare in AR S11149 | |
| C2.4 | 07:56 | S15W30 | S11145 | GOES18 | |
| C5.5 | 10:52 | S16W32 | S11145 | GOES18 | |
| C2.0 | 18:49 | NE limb | GOES18 | simultaneous flare in AR 14105 | |
| C3.0 | 21:58 | NE limb | GOES18 |
June 10-11: No obviously Earth directed CMEs.
June 9: A filament eruption from just north of AR 14105 and extending well into the northeast quadrant was observed beginning early in
the day and peaking near 08h UT. A partial halo CME was seen in LASCO
imagery, components of the CME could reach Earth on June 12-13.
[Coronal
hole history (since October 2002)]
[Compare today's report to the situation one solar rotation ago:
28 days ago
27 days ago
26 days ago]
A negative polarity trans equatorial coronal hole (CH1300) rotated across the central meridian on June 8. A large recurrent positive polarity southern hemisphere coronal hole (CH1301) will be Earth facing on June 11-16.
The geomagnetic field is expected to be at quiet to active levels on June 11-12 due to effects from CH1300. On June 12-13 effects from the June 9 CME could reach Earth and cause unsettled to minor storm levels.
| Coronal holes (1) | Coronal mass ejections (2) | M and X class flares (3) |
1) Effects from a coronal hole could
reach Earth within the next 5 days. When the high speed stream has arrived
the color changes to green.
2) Effects from a CME are likely to be observed at Earth within 96
hours.
3) There is a possibility of either M or X class flares within the
next 48 hours.
Green: 0-30% probability, Yellow: 30-70% probability, Red: 70-100% probability.
(Click on image for 2K resolution).
4K resolution.
Compare to the previous
day's image. 0.5K image
When available the active region map has a coronal hole polarity overlay where red (pink) is negative and blue is positive.
Data for all officially numbered solar regions according to the Solar Region Summary provided by NOAA/SWPC, all other regions are numbered sequentially as they emerge using the STAR spot number. Comments are my own, as is the STAR spot count (spots observed at or inside a few hours before midnight) and data for regions not numbered by SWPC or where SWPC has observed no spots. SWPC active region numbers in the table below and in the active region map above are the historic SWPC/USAF numbers. SWPC data considered to be not sufficiently precise (location, area, classification) are colored red.
| Active region | SWPC date numbered STAR detected |
Spot count | Location at midnight | Area | Classification | SDO / HMI 4K continuum image with magnetic polarity overlays |
Comment | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SWPC/ USAF |
STAR | SWPC | STAR | Current | Previous | ||||||
| 2K | 1K | ||||||||||
| S11116 | 2025.06.01 | 1 | N12W55 | 0003 | AXX |
 |
 |
||||
| 14105 | 2025.06.02 2025.06.03 |
24 | 50 | 28 | S15W17 | 0140 | EAI | EKI |
 |
 |
was AR S11119 area: 0340 location: S14W19 |
| S11120 | 2025.06.02 | 4 | N10W21 | 0007 | BXO |
 |
 |
||||
| 14106 | 2025.06.03 2025.06.04 |
N13W69 |
 |
was AR S11123 location: N13W65 |
|||||||
| S11128 | 2025.06.05 | S05W48 |
 |
||||||||
| 14107 | 2025.06.05 2025.06.06 |
8 | S14W39 | 0060 | DAI |
 |
was AR S11129 location: S19W43 spotless SWPC location on June 9: S18W31. On June 10 SWPC moved this region to the spots of AR S11145 |
||||
| 14109 | 2025.06.05 2025.06.07 |
3 | 14 | 5 | S17W04 | 0010 | CRO | CRO |
 |
 |
was AR S11131 area: 0030 location: S16W06 |
| 14108 | 2025.06.06 2025.06.07 |
4 | 2 | S22W61 | 0020 | CRO |
 |
 |
was AR S11133 location: S21W60 |
||
| S11134 | 2025.06.06 | N36W53 | |||||||||
| S11135 | 2025.06.06 | S14W35 | |||||||||
| S11136 | 2025.06.07 | N25W34 | |||||||||
| S11138 | 2025.06.07 | S03W03 | |||||||||
| 14111 | 2025.06.08 2025.06.09 |
2 | 5 | 3 | N14E50 | 0140 | HSX | CSO |
 |
 |
was AR S11139 area: 0210 loction: N14E53 |
| 14110 | 2025.06.08 2025.06.09 |
6 | 18 | 11 | N04W02 | 0010 | CRO | CRI |
 |
 |
was AR S11140 area: 0060 |
| 14112 | 2025.06.08 | 2 | 15 | 3 | S08E48 | 0010 | BXO | CRO |
 |
 |
was AR S11141 area: 0025 |
| S11142 | 2025.06.08 | S24W18 | |||||||||
| S11143 | 2025.06.08 | S22E04 | |||||||||
| S11145 | 2025.06.09 | 19 | 11 | S14W39 | 0310 | DKC |
 |
 |
beta-delta this is now AR 14107 to SWPC |
||
| S11146 | 2025.06.09 | N03W13 |
 |
||||||||
| S11147 | 2025.06.09 | S27W26 |
 |
||||||||
| S11148 | 2025.06.10 | 3 | N14E11 | 0007 | AXX |
 |
|||||
| S11149 | 2025.06.10 | 2 | 1 | N11E75 | 0020 | HRX |
 |
||||
| S11150 | 2025.06.10 | 3 | 2 | N17E79 | 0015 | BXO |
 |
||||
| Total spot count: | 45 | 138 | 66 | ||||||||
| Sunspot number: | 105 | 258 | 156 | (total spot count + 10 * number of spotted regions) | |||||||
| Weighted SN: | 66 | 178 | 106 | (Sum of total spot count + classification weighting for each AR. Classification weighting: X=0, R=3, A/S=5, H/K=10) | |||||||
| Relative sunspot number (Wolf number): | 90 | 142 | 125 | ||||||||
| Month | Average solar flux | International sunspot number (WDC-SILSO) |
Smoothed sunspot number (4) | Average
ap (3) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Measured | 1 AU | ||||
| 2024.01 | 164.6 | 159.3 | 126.0 | 131.2 (+1.7) | 5.46 |
| 2024.02 | 172.5 | 168.3 | 123.0 | 136.9 (+5.7) | 5.31 |
| 2024.03 | 154.4 | 152.9 | 103.7 | 141.4 (+4.5) | 11.03 |
| 2024.04 | 161.3 | 162.6 | 137.0 | 144.5 (+3.1) | 9.69 |
| 2024.05 | 187.7 | 191.9 | 172.1 | 149.1 (+4.6) | 23.56 (SC25 peak) |
| 2024.06 | 184.3 | 190.2 | 164.1 | 152.8 (+3.7) | 10.24 |
| 2024.07 | 196.6 | 203.0 | 196.8 | 155.0 (+2.3) | 7.13 |
| 2024.08 | 246.1 (cycle peak) |
252.2 | 216.0 (SC25 peak) | 156.8 (+1.8) | 15.96 |
| 2024.09 | 195.7 | 197.8 | 141.1 | 159.4 (+1.6) | 15.36 |
| 2024.10 | 221.0 | 219.6 | 165.8 | 160.8 (+1.4) (SC25 solar max) | 18.99 |
| 2024.11 | 199.6 | 195.3 | 154.1 | 157.0 (-3.8) | 9.33 |
| 2024.12 | 197.3 | 191.2 | 154.6 | (150.7 projected, -6.3) | 8.42 |
| 2025.01 | 190.3 | 184.2 | 137.0 | (144.2 projected, -6.5) | 13.17 |
| 2025.02 | 184.2 | 179.7 | 154.6 | (135.6 projected, -8.6) | 14.42 |
| 2025.03 | 163.7 | 162.1 | 134.2 | (129.2 projected, -6.4) | 15.96 |
| 2025.04 | 162.5 | 163.6 | 140.6 | (124.6 projected, -4.6) | 17.62 |
| 2025.05 | 135.3 | 138.3 | 79.2 | (119.3 projected, -5.3) | 17.26 |
| 2025.06 | 129.4 (1) | 31.1 (2A) / 93.4 (2B) / 115.2 (2C) | (114.4 projected, -4.9) | (32.0) | |
| 2025.07 | (110.2 projected, -4.2) | ||||
| 2025.08 | (105.5 projected, -4.7) | ||||
| 2025.09 | (101.2 projected, -4.3) | ||||
| 2025.10 | (97.3 projected, -3.9) | ||||
| 2025.11 | (95.0 projected, -2.3) | ||||
1) Running average based on the daily 20:00 UTC observed solar flux value
at 2800 MHz and any corrections applied to that measurement.
2A) Current impact on the monthly sunspot number based on the Boulder
(NOAA/SWPC) sunspot number (accumulated daily sunspots / month days).
2B) Boulder SN current month average to date.
2C) STAR SDO 1K Wolf number 27 day average.
3) Running average based on the quicklook and definitive Potsdam WDC ap
indices. Values in red
are based on the definitive international
GFZ Potsdam WDC ap
indices.
4) Source: WDC-SILSO, Royal Observatory
Of Belgium, Brussels
Sunspot activity has been on a slowly decreasing trend since September
2024 (using the average solar flux over 3 solar rotations as a proxy). The
decline has become more obvious during the first half of May 2025 with solar
flux on May 12 at its lowest level since April 4, 2024. The solar max phase
of solar cycle 25 was considerably shorter than that of the most recent
solar cycles.
All 365 days smoothed sunspot numbers peaked on October 11-12, 2024,
very likely making this the peak of SC25 (STAR 1K 365d peak: 236.1, STAR 2K
365d peak: 364.3, NOAA SN 365d peak: 156.0, ISN 365d peak: 163.6). The 365d
smoothed solar flux peaked on October 13, 2024, just 1.7% below the SC23
peak, and 62.6% above the SC24 peak.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
This report has been prepared by Jan Alvestad. It is based on the analysis of data from whichever sources are available at the time the report is prepared. All time references are to Universal Time. Comments and suggestions are always welcome.
SDO images are courtesy of NASA/SDO and the AIA, EVE, and HMI science teams.
