The geomagnetic field was at quiet levels on August 28. Solar wind speed at SOHO ranged between 372 and 458 km/sec, averaging 390 km/sec (+28 km/sec compared to the previous day). The high latitude magnetometer at Andenes recorded quiet to unsettled levels. The above 10 MeV proton flux decreased slowly and was at 3.6 pfu at the end of the UT day.
Solar flux density measured at 17h UT on 2.8 GHz was 231.6 - increasing 86.0 over the previous solar rotation. The 365 day average solar flux at 1 AU was 172.27 (183 days ago). The 81 day average solar flux at 1 AU was 144.8 (41 days ago, this is 47.3% of the total SC25 solar flux range from the max 81 day average peak on September 4, 2024 at 227.3 and an average 81 day flux of 69 at solar minimum). SC25 365d peak: 195.86 on October 13, 2024. The Potsdam WDC planetary A index was 6 (STAR Ap - based on the average of three hour interval ap indices: 6.3). Three hour interval K indices: 21222122 (planetary), 21323422 (Boulder), 21112123 (Andenes).
The background x-ray flux is at the class C3 level (GOES 19).
At the time of counting spots (see image time), spots were observed in 17 active regions using 2K resolution (SN: 405) and in 14 active regions using 1K resolution (SN: 260) SDO/HMI images.
AR 14188 [S09W62] developed slightly before
noon, then decayed again.
AR 14191 [N10W28] decayed further and was mostly quiet.
AR 14194 [N04W39] decayed slowly and quietly.
AR 14195 [S21W04] decayed slowly and was mostly quiet.
AR 14196 [S11E12] decayed slowly and quietly.
AR 14197 [S18E13] gained spots and produced several C and M flares. Small magnetic delta
configurations are present both in the leading and trailing spot sections. A major flare is possible.
AR 14198 [N10W08] decayed slowly and quietly.
AR 14199 [N03E32] decayed slowly and quietly.
AR 14200 [S08W26] was mostly quiet and stable.
AR 14201 [S21E29] decayed slowly and quietly.
AR 14202 [S15E36] was mostly quiet and stable.
AR 14203 [N12W83] developed further as it began to rotate out of
view. The region was the most active flare producer during the day.
Spotted regions not observed (or interpreted
differently) by SWPC/USAF:
S11383 [N18E09] was quiet and stable.
S11387 [S23W36] reemerged with tiny spots.
New AR S11389 [N17E79] rotated into view with a mature spot.
New AR S11390 [N09E83] rotated into view with a mature spot.
New AR S11391 [N21E34] was observed with tiny spots in an old
plage area.
C2+ flares
| Magnitude | Peak time (UT) | Location | Source | Recorded by | Comment |
| C6.6/1F | 00:17 | S17E19 | 14197 | GOES18 | |
| C5.4 | 00:33 | 14203 | GOES18 | ||
| C3.6 | 01:32 | 14203 | GOES18 | ||
| C2.8 | 02:01 | 14203 | GOES18 | ||
| C3.6 | 02:15 | 14197 | GOES18 | ||
| C2.7 | 03:13 | 14203 | GOES18 | ||
| C4.5 | 03:39 | 14203 | GOES18 | ||
| C4.9 | 04:40 | 14203 | GOES18 | ||
| C4.3 | 05:39 | 14203 | GOES18 | ||
| C3.3 | 07:13 | 14203 | GOES18 | ||
| C4.2 | 08:53 | 14200 | GOES18 | ||
| C4.4 | 09:04 | 14200 | GOES18 | ||
| C3.4 | 09:24 | 14203 | GOES18 | ||
| C4.8 | 10:28 | 14203 | GOES18 | ||
| C4.8 | 10:38 | 14203 | GOES18 | ||
| C3.9 | 10:57 | 14203 | GOES18 | ||
| C3.6 | 11:14 | 14203 | GOES18 | ||
| C5.1 | 11:34 | 14203 | GOES18 | ||
| C5.2 | 13:37 | 14203 | GOES18 | ||
| C8.5 | 14:07 | 14197 | GOES18 | ||
| M1.1 | 14:16 | 14197 | GOES18 | ||
| C3.6 | 14:50 | 14203 | GOES18 | ||
| C4.9 | 15:20 | N10W81 | 14203 | GOES18 | |
| C3.4 | 16:00 | 14203 | GOES18 | ||
| C3.7 | 16:15 | 14203 | GOES18 | ||
| C4.8 | 16:27 | 14203 | GOES18 | ||
| M1.2 | 17:11 | 14203 | GOES18 | ||
| C4.4 | 17:34 | 14203 | GOES18 | ||
| C3.6 | 18:17 | 14200 | GOES18 | ||
| C3.7 | 18:36 | 14197 | GOES18 | ||
| C5.1 | 18:56 | 14203 | GOES18 | ||
| M1.0 | 19:03 | 14203 | GOES18 | simultaneous flare in AR 14197 | |
| C5.0 | 19:34 | 14200 | GOES18 | ||
| C4.6 | 19:45 | 14203 | GOES18 | ||
| C6.0 | 20:27 | 14197 | GOES18 | ||
| M1.5 | 20:40 | 14203 | GOES18 | ||
| C3.1 | 21:17 | 14203 | GOES18 | ||
| C5.5 | 21:54 | 14197 | GOES18 | ||
| C7.0 | 22:42 | 14202 | GOES18 | simultaneous flare in AR 14197 | |
| C5.2 | 22:55 | 14203 | GOES18 | ||
| C3.5 | 23:18 | 14203 | GOES18 |
August 26-28: No obviously Earth directed CMEs.
[Coronal
hole history (since October 2002)]
[Compare today's report to the situation one solar rotation ago:
28 days ago
27 days ago
26 days ago]
A recurrent negative polarity southern hemisphere coronal hole (CH1314) rotated across the central meridian on August 28 as it closed.
The geomagnetic field is expected to be at mostly quiet levels on August 29-30. August 31 could see quiet to unsettled levels due to effects associated with CH1314. CH1314 closed as it was rotating across the central meridian and it is uncertain if any effects will be observed.
| Coronal holes (1) | Coronal mass ejections (2) | M and X class flares (3) |
1) Effects from a coronal hole could
reach Earth within the next 5 days. When the high speed stream has arrived
the color changes to green.
2) Effects from a CME are likely to be observed at Earth within 96
hours.
3) There is a possibility of either M or X class flares within the
next 48 hours.
Green: 0-30% probability, Yellow: 30-70% probability, Red: 70-100% probability.
(Click on image for 2K resolution).
4K resolution.
Compare to the previous
day's image. 0.5K image
When available the active region map has a coronal hole polarity overlay where red (pink) is negative and blue is positive.
Data for all officially numbered solar regions according to the Solar Region Summary provided by NOAA/SWPC, all other regions are numbered sequentially as they emerge using the STAR spot number. Comments are my own, as is the STAR spot count (spots observed at or inside a few hours before midnight) and data for regions not numbered by SWPC or where SWPC has observed no spots. SWPC active region numbers in the table below and in the active region map above are the historic SWPC/USAF numbers. SWPC data considered to be not sufficiently precise (location, area, classification) are colored red.
| Active region | SWPC date numbered STAR detected |
Spot count | Location at midnight | Area | Classification | SDO / HMI 4K continuum image with magnetic polarity overlays |
Comment | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SWPC/ USAF |
STAR | SWPC | STAR | Current | Previous | ||||||
| 2K | 1K | ||||||||||
| 14188 | 2025.08.17 2025.08.18 |
5 | 1 | S09W62 | 0010 | BXO |
 |
 |
was AR S11359 | ||
| 14189 | 2025.08.18 2025.08.19 |
N08W79 | was AR S11360 | ||||||||
| 14190 | 2025.08.19 2025.08.20 |
N19W54 |
 |
was AR S11362 | |||||||
| 14191 | 2025.08.20 2025.08.20 |
27 | 10 | N10W28 | 0500 | EHO |
 |
 |
was AR S11363 |
||
| 14193 | 2025.08.20 2025.08.2? |
S27W72 |
was AR S11368 location: S26W67 |
||||||||
| 14194 | 2025.08.22 2025.08.2? |
2 | N04W39 | 0002 | AXX |
 |
 |
was AR S11373 | |||
| 14195 | 2025.08.22 2025.08.2? |
11 | 3 | S21W04 | 0020 | BXO |
 |
 |
was AR S11374 | ||
| 14197 | 2025.08.23 2025.08.24 |
82 | 51 | S18E13 | 1260 | EKC |
 |
 |
beta-gamma-delta was AR S11375 |
||
| 14196 | 2025.08.23 2025.08.24 |
3 | 2 | S11E12 | 0015 | HRX |
 |
 |
was AR 11376 | ||
| 14198 | 2025.08.24 2025.08.25 |
4 | 2 | N10W08 | 0020 | CRO |
 |
 |
was AR S11379 | ||
| 14200 | 2025.08.24 2025.08.26 |
25 | 15 | S08W26 | 0150 | DAI |
 |
 |
was AR S11380 area: 0200 |
||
| 14199 | 2025.08.24 2025.08.25 |
29 | 12 | N03E32 | 0300 | CAO |
 |
 |
was AR S11381 | ||
| 14201 | 2025.08.24 2025.08.26 |
23 | 16 | S21E29 | 0190 | CSO |
 |
 |
was AR S11382 |
||
| S11383 | 2025.08.24 | 7 | 1 | N18E09 | 0010 | BXO |
 |
 |
|||
| S11384 | 2025.08.24 | S19W32 | |||||||||
| 14202 | 2025.08.25 2025.08.26 |
7 | 4 | S15E36 | 0280 | CHO |
 |
 |
was AR S11385 | ||
| 14203 | 2025.08.25 2025.08.26 |
3 | 1 | N12W83 | 0160 | DAO |
 |
 |
was AR S11386 | ||
| S11387 | 2025.08.26 | 2 | S26W32 | 0002 | AXX |
 |
|||||
| 14204 | 2025.08.27 | N03E43 | trailing spot of AR 14199 | ||||||||
| S11388 | 2025.08.27 | S20W56 |
 |
||||||||
| S11389 | 2025.08.28 | 1 | 1 | N17E79 | 0070 | HSX |
 |
||||
| S11390 | 2025.08.28 | 1 | 1 | N09E83 | 0130 | HSX |
 |
||||
| S11391 | 2025.08.28 | 3 | N21E34 | 0005 | AXX |
 |
|||||
| Total spot count: | 91 | 235 | 120 | ||||||||
| Sunspot number: | 201 | 405 | 260 | (total spot count + 10 * number of spotted regions) | |||||||
| Weighted SN: | 301 | 186 | (Sum of total spot count + classification weighting for each AR. Classification weighting: X=0, R=3, A/S=5, H/K=10) | ||||||||
| Relative sunspot number (Wolf number): | 221 | 223 | 208 | ||||||||
| Month | Average solar flux | International sunspot number (WDC-SILSO) |
Smoothed sunspot number (4) | Average
ap (3) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Measured | 1 AU | ||||
| 2024.02 | 172.5 | 168.3 | 123.0 | 136.9 (+5.7) | 5.31 |
| 2024.03 | 154.4 | 152.9 | 103.7 | 141.4 (+4.5) | 11.03 |
| 2024.04 | 161.3 | 162.6 | 137.0 | 144.5 (+3.1) | 9.69 |
| 2024.05 | 187.7 | 191.9 | 172.1 | 149.1 (+4.6) | 23.56 (SC25 peak) |
| 2024.06 | 184.3 | 190.2 | 164.1 | 152.8 (+3.7) | 10.24 |
| 2024.07 | 196.6 | 203.0 | 196.8 | 155.0 (+2.3) | 7.13 |
| 2024.08 | 246.1 (cycle peak) |
252.2 | 216.0 (SC25 peak) | 156.8 (+1.8) | 15.96 |
| 2024.09 | 195.7 | 197.8 | 141.1 | 159.4 (+1.6) | 15.36 |
| 2024.10 | 221.0 | 219.6 | 165.8 | 160.9 (+1.5) (SC25 solar max) | 18.99 |
| 2024.11 | 199.6 | 195.3 | 154.1 | 157.1 (-3.8) | 9.33 |
| 2024.12 | 197.3 | 191.2 | 154.6 | 151.3 (-5.8) | 8.42 |
| 2025.01 | 190.3 | 184.2 | 137.0 | 146.3 (-5.0) | 13.17 |
| 2025.02 | 184.2 | 179.7 | 155.7 | (139.4 projected, -6.9) | 14.42 |
| 2025.03 | 163.7 | 162.1 | 134.2 | (133.4 projected, -6.0) | 15.96 |
| 2025.04 | 162.5 | 163.6 | 140.6 | (129.3 projected, -4.1) | 17.62 |
| 2025.05 | 135.3 | 138.3 | 79.2 | (124.4 projected, -4.9) | 17.26 |
| 2025.06 | 131.3 | 135.4 | 116.3 | (119.6 projected, -4.8) | 21.43 |
| 2025.07 | 137.8 | 142.3 | 125.6 | (115.6 projected, -4.0) | 11.80 |
| 2025.08 | 148.0 (1) | 115.5 (2A) / 127.8 (2B) / 146.5 (2C) ISN average: 133.4. At this level the SSN for February 2025 will become 139.9 |
(110.9 projected, -4.7) | (10.2) | |
| 2025.09 | (106.5 projected, -4.4) | ||||
| 2025.10 | (102.6 projected, -3.9) | ||||
| 2025.11 | (100.3 projected, -2.3) | ||||
| 2025.12 | (98.7 projected, -1.6) | ||||
| 2026.01 | (94.6 projected, -4.1) | ||||
1) Running average based on the daily 20:00 UTC observed solar flux value
at 2800 MHz and any corrections applied to that measurement.
2A) Current impact on the monthly sunspot number based on the Boulder
(NOAA/SWPC) sunspot number (accumulated daily sunspots / month days).
2B) Boulder SN current month average to date.
2C) STAR SDO 1K Wolf number 27 day average.
3) Running average based on the quicklook and definitive Potsdam WDC ap
indices. Values in red
are based on the definitive international
GFZ Potsdam WDC ap
indices.
4) Source: WDC-SILSO, Royal Observatory
Of Belgium, Brussels
Sunspot activity has been on a decreasing trend since September
2024 (using the average solar flux over 3 solar rotations as a proxy).
Compared to the peak of SC25 solar flux has been at a low level in both May
and June 2025. Taking a closer look at the 81 day (3 solar rotations)
average solar flux proxy, its peak was in early September 2024 and had on
May 12 decreased to less than half of the solar cycle flux range.
Subtracting the 81 day average of approximately 69 at solar cycle minimum
from all measurements, the SC25 range is 0 - 158.3.
All 365 day smoothed sunspot numbers peaked on October 11-12, 2024,
very likely making this the peak of SC25 (365 day smoothed peaks: STAR 1K: 236.1, STAR 2K: 364.3, NOAA SN: 156.0, ISN: 163.9). The 365d
smoothed solar flux peaked on October 13, 2024, just 1.7% below the SC23
peak, and 62.6% above the SC24 peak.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
This report has been prepared by Jan Alvestad. It is based on the analysis of data from whichever sources are available at the time the report is prepared. All time references are to Universal Time. Comments and suggestions are always welcome.
SDO images are courtesy of NASA/SDO and the AIA, EVE, and HMI science teams.
