The geomagnetic field was quiet to unsettled on November 7. Solar wind speed at SOHO ranged between 383 and 465 km/sec, averaging 417 km/sec (-39 compared to the previous day). The high latitude magnetometer at Andenes recorded quiet to minor storm levels. The above 10 MeV proton flux was at background levels at the end of the day. A weak solar wind shock was observed at 14:24 UT at ACE, the arrival of the October 4 CME.
Solar flux density measured at 20h UT on 2.8 GHz was 239.2 - increasing 25.3 over the previous solar rotation. (Centered 1 year average SF at 1 AU - 183 days ago: 184.92. In comparison SC24 peaked on June 28, 2014 at 145.50. Current SC25 peak: 184.92 on May 9, 2024). The Potsdam WDC planetary A index was 9 (STAR Ap - based on the mean of three hour interval ap indices: 9.0). Three hour interval K indices: 11221333 (planetary), 11331422 (Boulder), 21221345 (Andenes).
The background x-ray flux is at the class C2 level (GOES 16).
At the time of counting spots (see image time), spots were observed in 19 active regions using 2K resolution (SN: 496) and in 18 active regions using 1K resolution (SN: 365) SDO/HMI images.
AR 13878 [N15W61] decayed and was mostly quiet.
AR 13879 [N15W42] was quiet and stable.
AR 13880 [S14W37] reemerged with tiny spots.
AR 13881 [S10W56] decayed slowly and quietly.
AR 13883 [S06W07] decayed in the trailing spot section losing some spots.
Flare activity decreased. Another
major flare is possible as there are still magnetic delta
configurations in the trailing spot section.
AR 13884 [S07E12] was quiet and stable.
AR 13886 [S05E28] decayed in the leading spot section while more
spots developed in the trailing spot section. A small magnetic delta
configuration formed in a trailing section penumbra.
AR 13887 [N15W84] decayed slowly and was mostly quiet.
New AR 13889 [S10E68] rotated into view on November 6 and was
numbered the next day by SWPC. There's a small magnetic delta configuration
within a trailing penumbra. Although the region has been less active over
the last day compared to when it was at the southeast limb, a major flare is possible.
Spotted regions not observed (or interpreted
differently) by SWPC/USAF:
S10300 [S03W22] was quiet and stable.
S10314 [S12E17] decayed slowly and quietly.
S10319 [N18W07] was quiet and stable.
S10323 [S08W26] was quiet and stable.
S10324 [S12E25] was mostly quiet and stable.
S10330 [S15E54] decayed slowly and quietly.
S10331 [S08E21] decayed in the trailing spot section.
S10336 [S14E00] was quiet and stable.
New region S10337 [S11E33] was split off from AR S10331 when it was
evident that this was a bipolar spot group.
New region S10338 [N21E21] was observed with tiny spots in an old
plage area.
C2+ flares
| Magnitude | Peak time (UT) | Location | Source | Recorded by | Comment |
| M2.5 | 01:27 | S10E80 | 13889 | GOES16 | |
| C6.2 | 01:56 | 13889 | GOES16 | ||
| C7.5 | 02:09 | N16W66 | 13887 | GOES16 | |
| C4.2 | 02:40 | 13883 | GOES16 | ||
| C4.4 | 03:00 | 13887 | GOES16 | ||
| C3.7 | 03:28 | 13887 | GOES16 | ||
| M2.5/1N | 04:20 | 13883 | GOES16 | ||
| C7.6 | 04:59 | 13883 | GOES16 | ||
| C4.8 | 05:46 | 13883 | GOES16 | ||
| C4.9 | 06:09 | S10324 | GOES16 | ||
| C7.1 | 07:14 | S10331 | GOES16 | simultaneous flare in AR 13883 | |
| M1.3/1F | 07:26 | S09E06 | 13883 | GOES16 | |
| M1.6 | 07:43 | 13889 | GOES16 | ||
| M2.7 | 07:54 | 13889 | GOES16 | ||
| C7.9 | 08:29 | 13889 | GOES16 | ||
| C4.4 | 08:51 | 13883 | GOES16 | ||
| C4.6 | 09:09 | 13889 | GOES16 | ||
| C4.3 | 09:29 | 13889 | GOES16 | ||
| C4.0 | 09:53 | 13883 | GOES16 | ||
| C4.4 | 10:03 | 13889 | GOES16 | ||
| C4.7 | 10:51 | 13886 | GOES16 | ||
| C5.7 | 11:18 | S08E01 | 13883 | GOES16 | |
| M1.4 | 12:02 | S09E76 | 13889 | GOES16 | |
| C3.5 | 13:33 | 13889 | GOES16 | ||
| C4.4 | 14:41 | 13889 | GOES16 | ||
| M2.3/1F | 15:06 | S07W00 | 13883 | GOES16 | |
| C4.4 | 16:32 | 13883 | GOES16 | ||
| C3.3 | 17:51 | 13886 | GOES16 | ||
| C4.7 | 18:25 | 13878 | GOES16 | ||
| C5.5 | 18:45 | 13889 | GOES16 | ||
| C4.4 | 20:09 | 13889 | GOES16 | ||
| C6.7 | 21:34 | 13883 | GOES16 | ||
| C3.9 | 21:56 | 13883 | GOES16 | ||
| C3.8 | 23:46 | S10331 | GOES16 |
November 5-7: No obviously Earth directed CMEs were observed.
[Coronal
hole history (since October 2002)]
[Compare today's report to the situation one solar rotation ago:
28 days ago
27 days ago
26 days ago]
A trans equatorial negative polarity coronal hole (CH1253) rotated acrosss the central meridian on November 4-5. A recurrent northern hemisphere positive polarity coronal hole (CH1254) could become Earth facing on November 8-11. CH1254 has expanded a lot since the previous previous rotation.
Long distance low and medium frequency (below 2 MHz) propagation along paths north of due west over upper middle and high latitudes is poor. Propagation on long distance northeast-southwest paths is poor to fair.
The geomagnetic field is expected to be quiet to unsettled on November 8-9 with a chance of active intervals due to effects from CH1253. Quiet conditions are likely on November 10. November 11-13 could see quiet to active levels as a high speed stream associated with CH1254 becomes the dominant solar wind source.
| Coronal holes (1) | Coronal mass ejections (2) | M and X class flares (3) |
1) Effects from a coronal hole could
reach Earth within the next 5 days. When the high speed stream has arrived
the color changes to green.
2) Effects from a CME are likely to be observed at Earth within 96
hours.
3) There is a possibility of either M or X class flares within the
next 48 hours.
Green: 0-30% probability, Yellow: 30-70% probability, Red: 70-100% probability.
(Click on image for 2K resolution).
4K resolution.
Compare to the previous
day's image. 0.5K image
When available the active region map has a coronal hole polarity overlay where red (pink) is negative and blue is positive.
Data for all officially numbered solar regions according to the Solar Region Summary provided by NOAA/SWPC, all other regions are numbered sequentially as they emerge using the STAR spot number. Comments are my own, as is the STAR spot count (spots observed at or inside a few hours before midnight) and data for regions not numbered by SWPC or where SWPC has observed no spots. SWPC active region numbers in the table below and in the active region map above are the historic SWPC/USAF numbers. SWPC data considered to be not sufficiently precise (location, area, classification) are colored red.
| Active region | SWPC date numbered STAR detected |
Spot count | Location at midnight | Area | Classification | SDO / HMI 4K continuum image with magnetic polarity overlays |
Comment | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SWPC/ USAF |
Magnetic (SDO) |
SWPC | STAR | Current | Previous | ||||||
| 2K | 1K | ||||||||||
| 13878 | 2024.10.26 2024.10.27 |
3 | 9 | 5 | N16W66 | 0150 | HAX | CAO |
 |
 |
location: N15W64 |
| 13887 | 2024.10.27 2024.11.06 |
4 | 4 | 3 | N16W84 | 0130 | DAO | CAO |
 |
 |
|
| 13879 | 2024.10.28 2024.10.29 |
3 | 17 | 7 | N15W44 | 0450 | CHO | CHO |
 |
 |
area: 0950 location: N15W42 |
| 13880 | 2024.10.29 2024.10.31 |
2 | 1 | S14W40 | 0003 | BXO |
 |
location: S14W37 |
|||
| S10300 | 2024.10.30 | 6 | 2 | S03W22 |
 |
 |
|||||
| 13881 | 2024.10.30 2024.11.01 |
4 | 11 | 7 | S09W57 | 0130 | DAO | DAO |
 |
 |
area: 0160 location: S10W56 |
| S10307 | 2024.11.01 | N08W53 | |||||||||
| 13883 | 2024.11.01 2024.11.02 |
23 | 57 | 39 | S07W07 | 0400 | FKC | FKC |
 |
 |
beta-gamma-delta area: 0720 |
| S10309 | 2024.11.01 | S24W45 | |||||||||
| 13884 | 2024.11.02 2024.11.02 |
1 | 10 | 6 | S07E11 | 0040 | HSX | CAO |
 |
 |
area: 0070 |
| S10314 | 2024.11.02 | 9 | 5 | S12E17 | 0020 | BXO |
 |
 |
|||
| S10316 | 2024.11.02 | N18W26 | |||||||||
| 13886 | 2024.11.03 2024.11.03 |
36 | 61 | 42 | S08E23 | 0370 | FKI | EAI |
 |
 |
beta-delta location: S04E40 area: 0420 SWPC includes ARs S10331 and S10324 in this spot group |
| S10319 | 2024.11.03 | 5 | 2 | N18W07 | 0010 | BXO |
 |
 |
|||
| S10320 | 2024.11.03 | N16E11 | |||||||||
| S10321 | 2024.11.03 | N31W57 | |||||||||
| S10322 | 2024.11.04 | N03W30 | |||||||||
| S10323 | 2024.11.04 | 13 | 2 | S08W26 | 0025 | BXO |
 |
 |
|||
| S10324 | 2024.11.04 | 30 | 19 | S12E25 | 0140 | DRI |
 |
 |
|||
| S10325 | 2024.11.04 | S14W13 | |||||||||
| S10326 | 2024.11.04 | S34W53 | |||||||||
| 13888 | 2024.11.05 2024.11.06 |
N04W66 |
 |
||||||||
| S10329 | 2024.11.05 | N15W28 | |||||||||
| S10330 | 2024.11.05 | 6 | 2 | S15E54 | 0015 | HRX |
 |
 |
|||
| S10331 | 2024.11.05 | 21 | 16 | S08E21 | 0180 | DAI |
 |
 |
|||
| S10332 | 2024.11.05 | S33W45 | |||||||||
| 13889 | 2024.11.06 2024.11.07 |
10 | 32 | 23 | S10E66 | 0250 | EKC | EKC |
 |
 |
beta-gamma-delta location: S10E68 area: 0750 |
| S10334 | 2024.11.06 | N12W05 |
 |
||||||||
| S10335 | 2024.11.06 | N19W53 |
 |
||||||||
| S10336 | 2024.11.06 | 4 | 2 | S14E00 | 0008 | AXX |
 |
 |
|||
| S10337 | 2024.11.07 | 6 | 2 | S11E33 | 0010 | BXO |
 |
||||
| S10338 | 2024.11.07 | 3 | N21E21 | 0005 | AXX |
 |
|||||
| Total spot count: | 84 | 306 | 185 | ||||||||
| Sunspot number: | 164 | 496 | 365 | (total spot count + 10 * number of spotted regions) | |||||||
| Weighted SN: | 144 | 372 | 251 | (Sum of total spot count + classification weighting for each AR. Classification weighting: X=0, R=3, A/S=5, H/K=10) | |||||||
| Relative sunspot number (Wolf number): | 180 | 273 | 292 | ||||||||
| Month | Average solar flux | International sunspot number (WDC-SILSO) |
Smoothed sunspot number (4) | Average
ap (3) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Measured | 1 AU | ||||
| 2014.02 | 170.3 (cycle peak) |
166.3 | 146.1 (SC24 peak) | 110.5 | 10.70 |
| 2014.04 | 143.9 | 144.8 | 112.5 | 116.4 (SC24 solar max) | 7.88 |
| 2017.09 | 91.3 | 92.3 | 43.6 | 18.2 (-1.3) | 18.22 (SC24 peak) |
| 2019.11 | 70.2 | 68.7 | 0.5 | 2.0 (-0.6) (Solar minimum using 365d smoothing: November 17, 2019) |
4.19 |
| 2019.12 | 70.8 | 68.6 | 1.6 | 1.8 (-0.2) (ISN 13 months smoothed solar minimum) |
3.22 |
| 2023.01 | 182.4 | 176.6 | 144.4 | 113.3 (+6.6) | 8.73 |
| 2023.02 | 167.2 | 163.2 | 111.3 | 117.8 (+3.5) | 14.48 |
| 2023.03 | 157.2 | 155.6 | 123.3 | 121.1 (+3.3) | 14.42 |
| 2023.04 | 145.4 | 146.4 | 97.6 | 122.9 (+1.8) | 13.40 |
| 2023.05 | 155.6 | 159.2 | 137.4 | 124.2 (+1.3) | 10.67 |
| 2023.06 | 161.7 | 166.8 | 160.5 | 125.3 (+1.1) | 8.95 |
| 2023.07 | 176.4 | 182.2 | 160.0 | 124.6 (-0.7) | 8.15 |
| 2023.08 | 153.7 | 157.6 | 114.8 | 124.3 (-0.3) | 7.19 |
| 2023.09 | 154.4 | 156.0 | 134.2 | 124.0 (-0.3) | 14.26 |
| 2023.10 | 142.8 | 141.9 | 99.4 | 124.8 (+0.8) | 8.16 |
| 2023.11 | 153.5 | 150.2 | 105.4 | 127.9 (+3.1) | 12.20 |
| 2023.12 | 151.1 | 146.4 | 114.2 | 129.5 (+1.6) | 9.60 |
| 2024.01 | 164.6 | 159.3 | 126.0 | 131.1 (+1.6) | 5.46 |
| 2024.02 | 172.5 | 168.3 | 123.0 | 136.9 (+5.8) | 5.31 |
| 2024.03 | 154.4 | 152.9 | 103.7 | 141.4 (+4.5) | 11.03 |
| 2024.04 | 161.3 | 162.6 | 137.0 | 144.4 (+3.1) | 9.69 |
| 2024.05 | 187.7 | 191.9 | 172.1 | (149.7 projected, +5.3) | 23.56 (SC25 peak) |
| 2024.06 | 184.3 | 190.2 | 164.1 | (153.6 projected, +3.9) | 10.24 |
| 2024.07 | 196.6 | 203.0 | 196.5 | (156.5 projected, +2.9) | 7.13 |
| 2024.08 | 246.1 (cycle peak) |
252.2 | 215.5 (SC25 peak) | (158.5 projected, +2.0) | 15.96 |
| 2024.09 | 195.7 | 197.8 | 141.4 | (161.2 projected, +2.7) | 15.36 |
| 2024.10 | 221.0 | 219.6 | 166.3 | (163.5 projected, +2.3) | 19.0 |
| 2024.11 | 247.9 (1) | 44.4 (2A) / 190.1 (2B) / 210.9 (2C) | (161.8 projected, -1.7) | (9.8) | |
| 2024.12 | (158.7 projected, -3.1) | ||||
| 2025.01 | (154.4 projected, -4.3) | ||||
| 2025.02 | (147.6 projected, -6.8) | ||||
| 2025.03 | (142.8 projected, -4.8) | ||||
| 2025.04 | (139.8 projected, -3.0) | ||||
1) Running average based on the daily 20:00 UTC observed solar flux value
at 2800 MHz and any corrections applied to that measurement.
2A) Current impact on the monthly sunspot number based on the Boulder
(NOAA/SWPC) sunspot number (accumulated daily sunspots / month days).
2B) Boulder SN current month average to date.
2C) STAR SDO 1K Wolf number 30 day average.
3) Running average based on the quicklook and definitive Potsdam WDC ap
indices. Values in red
are based on the definitive international
GFZ Potsdam WDC ap
indices.
4) Source: WDC-SILSO, Royal Observatory
Of Belgium, Brussels
Sunspot activity in October 2024 increased over September and looks to be headed for an SSN near 160. The average solar flux for October will become the second highest for a month during SC25. The above plot now displays the peak in 365d smoothed sunspot numbers in mid October. ISN has a peak on October 15, NOAA SN on October 14 while both the 1K and 2K SDO SN peaked on October 16. Assuming that the average sunspot number from October 2024 until April 14, 2025 becomes 150, we would be looking at a 365 days smoothed sunspot maximum of 164.5 centered on October 15. Should the average sunspot number for that period become 160 we would get a peak near 169.7.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
This report has been prepared by Jan Alvestad. It is based on the analysis of data from whatever sources are available at the time the report is prepared. All time references are to Universal Time. Comments and suggestions are always welcome.
SDO images are courtesy of NASA/SDO and the AIA, EVE, and HMI science teams.
