The geomagnetic field was quiet to active on November 3. Solar wind speed at SOHO ranged between 422 and 558 km/sec, averaging 466 km/sec (+6 compared to the previous day). The high latitude magnetometer at Andenes recorded quiet to minor storm levels. The above 10 MeV proton flux was at 0.9 pfu at the end of the day, slowly decreasing towards background levels.
Solar flux density measured at 20h UT on 2.8 GHz was 240.6 - decreasing 2.9 over the previous solar rotation. (Centered 1 year average SF at 1 AU - 183 days ago: 183.85. In comparison SC24 peaked on June 28, 2014 at 145.50. Current SC25 peak: 183.85 on May 5, 2024). The Potsdam WDC planetary A index was 10 (STAR Ap - based on the mean of three hour interval ap indices: 9.5). Three hour interval K indices: 30110334 (planetary), 21012323 (Boulder), 31000245 (Andenes).
The background x-ray flux is at the class C4 level (GOES 16).
At the time of counting spots (see image time), spots were observed in 20 active regions using 2K resolution (SN: 460) and in 14 active regions using 1K resolution (SN: 257) SDO/HMI images.
AR 13869 [S18W72] decayed slowly and was mostly
quiet.
AR 13873 [S16W62] decayed slowly and quietly.
AR 13875 [N29W74] decayed slowly and quietly.
AR 13877 [S17W40] decayed and had only a tiny spot left at the
end of the day.
AR 13878 [N16W12] decayed slowly losing the
largest magnetic delta configuration.
AR 13879 [N14E09] was quiet and stable.
AR 13880 [S13E18] decayed slowly and quietly.
AR 13881 [S09W02] developed slowly and produced
several C flares. A magnetic delta configuration formed in the intermediate
spot section.
AR 13883 [S06E48] developed quickly and merged with AR S10313.
Several magnetic delta configurations formed and the region is very
unstable. Several M flares have been recorded early on Nov.4 and there is a
chance of a major flare.
AR 13884 [S07E65] was mostly quiet and stable.
New AR 13885 [S10W44] emerged on November 2 and gained many spots as
more flux emerged.
New AR 13886 [S05E78] rotated into view and has M class flare
potential. The southernmost spot could be split off into a separate region.
Spotted regions not observed (or interpreted
differently) by SWPC/USAF:
S10303 [S11W82] rotated partly out of view.
S10304 [S12W16] was quiet and stable.
S10307 [N08W01] was quiet and stable.
S10309 [S24E07] was quiet and stable.
S10314 [S13E69] was quiet and stable.
New region S10319 [N17E39] was observed with tiny spots in an old
plage area.
New region S10320 [N16E63] emerged with a tiny spot.
New region S10321 [N31W05] emerged with a tiny spot.
C2+ flares
| Magnitude | Peak time (UT) | Location | Source | Recorded by | Comment |
| C3.4 | 02:48 | 13886 | GOES16 | ||
| M1.1 | 03:11 | S04E90 | 13886 | GOES16 | simultaneous flare in AR 13869 |
| C7.2 | 03:46 | S09E10 | 13881 | GOES16 | |
| C3.6 | 05:09 | 13884 | GOES16 | ||
| C5.0 | 05:35 | 13886 | GOES16 | simultaneous flare in AR 13878 | |
| C4.9 | 06:14 | 13881 | GOES16 | simultaneous flare in AR 13886 | |
| C8.1 | 06:36 | S10E09 | 13881 | GOES16 | simultaneous flare in AR S10303 |
| C4.2 | 07:24 | 13881 | GOES16 | ||
| C5.1 | 07:35 | 13878 | GOES16 | ||
| C5.3 | 08:10 | S09E10 | 13881 | GOES16 | |
| C4.9 | 08:33 | 13883 | GOES16 | ||
| M1.1/1F | 08:49 | 13878 | GOES16 | ||
| C6.3 | 09:57 | 13878 | GOES16 | simultaneous flares in ARs 13883 and 13886 | |
| C5.5 | 10:51 | southwest limb | GOES16 | simultaneous flares in ARs 13883 and 13886 | |
| C4.9 | 11:45 | 13886 | GOES16 | simultaneous flare in AR S10303 | |
| C5.8 | 12:16 | N16W03 | 13878 | GOES16 | |
| C5.6 | 12:47 | 13881 | GOES16 | simultaneous flare in AR 13878 | |
| C6.3 | 12:59 | 13883 | GOES16 | simultaneous flare in AR S10303 | |
| C4.0 | 13:21 | 13886 | GOES16 | ||
| C7.6 | 13:30 | S08E52 | 13883 | GOES16 | |
| C8.2 | 15:11 | 13883 | GOES16 | ||
| M1.1 | 15:18 | 13881 | GOES16 | ||
| M1.4 | 15:24 | 13869 | GOES16 | ||
| C8.5 | 15:37 | 13883 | GOES16 | ||
| C7.6 | 16:06 | 13886 | GOES16 | simultaneous flare in AR 13883 | |
| C4.6 | 16:56 | S10303 | GOES16 | ||
| C4.8 | 17:25 | 13878 | GOES16 | ||
| C5.3 | 17:46 | 13883 | GOES16 | ||
| M1.3 | 17:53 | 13883 | GOES16 | ||
| C4.3 | 18:49 | 13883 | GOES16 | ||
| C4.2 | 19:18 | 13875 | GOES16 | simultaneous flare in AR 13886 | |
| C4.3 | 20:06 | 13886 | GOES16 | simultaneous flare in AR 13883 | |
| C6.8 | 20:30 | 13875 | GOES16 | simultaneous flare in AR 13886 | |
| C8.9 | 20:42 | 13875 | GOES16 | ||
| C6.8 | 20:55 | 13881 | GOES16 | simultaneous flare in AR 13886 | |
| C5.9 | 21:07 | 13886 | GOES16 | ||
| C4.4 | 21:50 | 13878 | GOES16 | ||
| C4.6 | 22:30 | 13883 | GOES16 | ||
| C5.0 | 22:41 | 13883 | GOES16 | ||
| C5.2 | 22:54 | 13883 | GOES16 | ||
| C5.1 | 23:20 | 13883 | GOES16 | ||
| C6.9 | 23:25 | S10303 | GOES16 | ||
| C5.8 | 23:47 | 13885 | GOES16 |
November 1-3: No obviously Earth directed CMEs were observed.
[Coronal
hole history (since October 2002)]
[Compare today's report to the situation one solar rotation ago:
28 days ago
27 days ago
26 days ago]
A positive polarity trans equatorial coronal hole (CH1252) was Earth facing on October 31 - November 1.
Long distance low and medium frequency (below 2 MHz) propagation along paths north of due west over upper middle and high latitudes is poor to very poor. Propagation on long distance northeast-southwest paths is poor.
The geomagnetic field is expected to be quiet to unsettled on November 4-5 due to effects from CH1252 and quiet on November 6.
| Coronal holes (1) | Coronal mass ejections (2) | M and X class flares (3) |
1) Effects from a coronal hole could
reach Earth within the next 5 days. When the high speed stream has arrived
the color changes to green.
2) Effects from a CME are likely to be observed at Earth within 96
hours.
3) There is a possibility of either M or X class flares within the
next 48 hours.
Green: 0-30% probability, Yellow: 30-70% probability, Red: 70-100% probability.
(Click on image for 2K resolution).
4K resolution.
Compare to the previous
day's image. 0.5K image
When available the active region map has a coronal hole polarity overlay where red (pink) is negative and blue is positive.
Data for all officially numbered solar regions according to the Solar Region Summary provided by NOAA/SWPC, all other regions are numbered sequentially as they emerge using the STAR spot number. Comments are my own, as is the STAR spot count (spots observed at or inside a few hours before midnight) and data for regions not numbered by SWPC or where SWPC has observed no spots. SWPC active region numbers in the table below and in the active region map above are the historic SWPC/USAF numbers. SWPC data considered to be not sufficiently precise (location, area, classification) are colored red.
| Active region | SWPC date numbered STAR detected |
Spot count | Location at midnight | Area | Classification | SDO / HMI 4K continuum image with magnetic polarity overlays |
Comment | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SWPC/ USAF |
Magnetic (SDO) |
SWPC | STAR | Current | Previous | ||||||
| 2K | 1K | ||||||||||
| 13869 | 2024.10.22 2024.10.23 |
10 | 10 | 6 | S18W74 | 0210 | DAI | EAO |
 |
 |
location: S18W72 area: 0280 |
| 13875 | 2024.10.23 2024.10.24 |
6 | 3 | 2 | N28W85 | 0110 | ESO | HAX |
 |
 |
location: N29W74 SWPC location is way off |
| 13872 | 2024.10.23 2024.10.24 |
4 | S16W62 | 0130 | HAX |
merged with AR 13869 on 2024.10.31 |
|||||
| 13871 | 2024.10.24 | 2 | S09W89 | 0180 | DAO | was part of AR 13869, see AR S10303 | |||||
| 13873 | 2024.10.24 2024.10.24 |
2 | 16 | 5 | S10W56 | 0020 | HAX | DAO |
 |
 |
location: S16W62 area: 0190 SWPC has interpreted the leader spot as AR 13872 |
| S10278 | 2024.10.24 | S22W54 | |||||||||
| 13876 | 2024.10.25 2024.10.25 |
2 | S04W90 | 0120 | DAO |
 |
rotated out of view | ||||
| S10284 | 2024.10.25 | S15W47 | |||||||||
| 13877 | 2024.10.25 2024.10.27 |
1 | S17W46 | 0001 | AXX |
 |
 |
location: S17W40 |
|||
| 13878 | 2024.10.26 2024.10.27 |
18 | 56 | 22 | N16W16 | 0320 | EKO | EAI |
 |
 |
beta-gamma location: N16W12 |
| S10292 | 2024.10.27 | N17W30 |
 |
||||||||
| 13879 | 2024.10.28 2024.10.29 |
1 | 30 | 10 | N15E10 | 0500 | HHX | CHO |
 |
 |
area: 0880 location: N14E09 |
| S10295 | 2024.10.28 | N11W56 | |||||||||
| S10296 | 2024.10.28 | S01W43 | |||||||||
| S10297 | 2024.10.29 | S12W34 | |||||||||
| 13880 | 2024.10.29 2024.10.31 |
9 | S14E16 | 0015 | BXO |
 |
 |
location: S13E18 |
|||
| S10299 | 2024.10.30 | S14W28 |
 |
||||||||
| S10300 | 2024.10.30 | S08E26 |
 |
||||||||
| 13881 | 2024.10.30 2024.11.01 |
15 | 19 | 14 | S09W01 | 0240 | DAI | EAI |
 |
 |
beta-gamma-delta area: 0470 |
| S10303 | 2024.10.31 | 2 | 1 | S11W82 | 0130 | CAO |
 |
 |
SWPC reassigned AR 13871 to this spot group on 2024.11.01 |
||
| S10304 | 2024.10.31 | 2 | S12W16 | 0004 | AXX |
 |
 |
||||
| S10305 | 2024.10.31 | S16W35 | |||||||||
| 13882 | 2024.11.01 2024.11.02 |
N23W69 |
 |
||||||||
| S10307 | 2024.11.01 | 9 | N08W01 | 0010 | AXX |
 |
 |
||||
| 13883 | 2024.11.01 2024.11.02 |
20 | 54 | 30 | S06E51 | 0160 | EAI | EAC |
 |
 |
beta-gamma-delta area: 0430 location: S06E48 |
| S10309 | 2024.11.01 | 7 | 2 | S24E07 | 0012 | BXO |
 |
 |
|||
| S10310 | 2024.11.01 | S29W30 | |||||||||
| 13884 | 2024.11.02 2024.11.02 |
2 | 4 | 3 | S06E65 | 0060 | CSO | DSO |
 |
 |
location: S07E65 area: 0110 |
| 13885 | 2024.11.02 2024.11.03 |
6 | 20 | 13 | S10W43 | 0050 | DRO | DRI |
 |
 |
beta-gamma area: 0080 |
| S10313 | 2024.11.02 | S04E55 |
 |
merged with AR 13883 on 2024.11.03 | |||||||
| S10314 | 2024.11.02 | 4 | 2 | S13E69 | 0020 | CRO |
 |
 |
|||
| S10315 | 2024.11.02 | N27W20 |
 |
||||||||
| S10316 | 2024.11.02 | N18E26 |
 |
||||||||
| 13886 | 2024.11.03 2024.11.03 |
2 | 10 | 6 | S05E76 | 0090 | DAO | DKO |
 |
was AR S10318 location: S05E78 area: 0570 |
|
| S10319 | 2024.11.03 | 2 | 1 | N17E39 | 0005 | AXX |
 |
||||
| S10320 | 2024.11.03 | 1 | N16E63 | 0001 | AXX |
 |
|||||
| S10321 | 2024.11.03 | 1 | N31W05 | 0002 | AXX |
 |
|||||
| Total spot count: | 90 | 260 | 117 | ||||||||
| Sunspot number: | 220 | 460 | 257 | (total spot count + 10 * number of spotted regions) | |||||||
| Weighted SN: | 161 | 326 | 183 | (Sum of total spot count + classification weighting for each AR. Classification weighting: X=0, R=3, A/S=5, H/K=10) | |||||||
| Relative sunspot number (Wolf number): | 242 | 253 | 206 | ||||||||
| Month | Average solar flux | International sunspot number (WDC-SILSO) |
Smoothed sunspot number (4) | Average
ap (3) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Measured | 1 AU | ||||
| 2014.02 | 170.3 (cycle peak) |
166.3 | 146.1 (SC24 peak) | 110.5 | 10.70 |
| 2014.04 | 143.9 | 144.8 | 112.5 | 116.4 (SC24 solar max) | 7.88 |
| 2017.09 | 91.3 | 92.3 | 43.6 | 18.2 (-1.3) | 18.22 (SC24 peak) |
| 2019.11 | 70.2 | 68.7 | 0.5 | 2.0 (-0.6) (Solar minimum using 365d smoothing: November 17, 2019) |
4.19 |
| 2019.12 | 70.8 | 68.6 | 1.6 | 1.8 (-0.2) (ISN 13 months smoothed solar minimum) |
3.22 |
| 2023.01 | 182.4 | 176.6 | 144.4 | 113.3 (+6.6) | 8.73 |
| 2023.02 | 167.2 | 163.2 | 111.3 | 117.8 (+3.5) | 14.48 |
| 2023.03 | 157.2 | 155.6 | 123.3 | 121.1 (+3.3) | 14.42 |
| 2023.04 | 145.4 | 146.4 | 97.6 | 122.9 (+1.8) | 13.40 |
| 2023.05 | 155.6 | 159.2 | 137.4 | 124.2 (+1.3) | 10.67 |
| 2023.06 | 161.7 | 166.8 | 160.5 | 125.3 (+1.1) | 8.95 |
| 2023.07 | 176.4 | 182.2 | 160.0 | 124.6 (-0.7) | 8.15 |
| 2023.08 | 153.7 | 157.6 | 114.8 | 124.3 (-0.3) | 7.19 |
| 2023.09 | 154.4 | 156.0 | 134.2 | 124.0 (-0.3) | 14.26 |
| 2023.10 | 142.8 | 141.9 | 99.4 | 124.8 (+0.8) | 8.16 |
| 2023.11 | 153.5 | 150.2 | 105.4 | 127.8 (+3.0) | 12.20 |
| 2023.12 | 151.1 | 146.4 | 114.2 | 129.4 (+1.6) | 9.60 |
| 2024.01 | 164.6 | 159.3 | 126.0 | 131.1 (+1.7) | 5.46 |
| 2024.02 | 172.5 | 168.3 | 123.0 | 136.8 (+5.7) | 5.31 |
| 2024.03 | 154.4 | 152.9 | 103.7 | 141.3 (+4.5) | 11.03 |
| 2024.04 | 161.3 | 162.6 | 136.5 | 144.4 (+3.1) | 9.69 |
| 2024.05 | 187.7 | 191.9 | 171.7 | (149.6 projected, +5.2) | 23.56 (SC25 peak) |
| 2024.06 | 184.3 | 190.2 | 164.2 | (153.5 projected, +3.9) | 10.24 |
| 2024.07 | 196.6 | 203.0 | 196.5 | (156.4 projected, +2.9) | 7.13 |
| 2024.08 | 246.1 (cycle peak) |
252.2 | 215.5 (SC25 peak) | (158.4 projected, +2.0) | 15.96 |
| 2024.09 | 195.7 | 197.8 | 141.4 | (161.1 projected, +2.7) | 15.36 |
| 2024.10 | 221.0 | 219.6 | 166.3 | (163.4 projected, +2.3) | 19.0 |
| 2024.11 | 249.1 (1) | 22.4 (2A) / 224 (2B) / 204.2 (2C) | (161.8 projected, -1.6) | (8.7) | |
| 2024.12 | (158.7 projected, -3.1) | ||||
| 2025.01 | (154.4 projected, -4.3) | ||||
| 2025.02 | (147.6 projected, -6.8) | ||||
| 2025.03 | (142.8 projected, -4.8) | ||||
| 2025.04 | (139.8 projected, -3.0) | ||||
1) Running average based on the daily 20:00 UTC observed solar flux value
at 2800 MHz and any corrections applied to that measurement.
2A) Current impact on the monthly sunspot number based on the Boulder
(NOAA/SWPC) sunspot number (accumulated daily sunspots / month days).
2B) Boulder SN current month average to date.
2C) STAR SDO 1K Wolf number 30 day average.
3) Running average based on the quicklook and definitive Potsdam WDC ap
indices. Values in red
are based on the definitive international
GFZ Potsdam WDC ap
indices.
4) Source: WDC-SILSO, Royal Observatory
Of Belgium, Brussels
Sunspot activity in October 2024 increased over September and looks to be headed for an SSN near 160. The average solar flux for October will become the second highest for a month during SC25. The above plot now displays the peak in 365d smoothed sunspot numbers in mid October. ISN has a peak on October 15, NOAA SN on October 14 while both the 1K and 2K SDO SN peaked on October 16. Assuming that the average sunspot number from October 2024 until April 14, 2025 becomes 150, we would be looking at a 365 days smoothed sunspot maximum of 164.5 centered on October 15. Should the average sunspot number for that period become 160 we would get a peak near 169.7.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
This report has been prepared by Jan Alvestad. It is based on the analysis of data from whatever sources are available at the time the report is prepared. All time references are to Universal Time. Comments and suggestions are always welcome.
SDO images are courtesy of NASA/SDO and the AIA, EVE, and HMI science teams.
