The geomagnetic field was at quiet to active levels on June 8 due to weakening CME effects. The high latitude magnetometer at Andenes recorded quiet to major storm levels. The above 10 MeV proton flux was at 81 pfu at the end of the day, having reached a peak of 1030 pfu at 08:00 UT following a major proton flare in AR 13697.
Solar flux density measured at 20h UT on 2.8 GHz was 190.4 - decreasing 31.4 over the previous solar rotation. (Centered 1 year average SF at 1 AU - 183 days ago: 161.79. In comparison SC24 peaked on June 28, 2014 at 145.50. Current SC25 peak: 161.79 on December 9, 2023). The Potsdam WDC planetary A index was 12 (STAR Ap - based on the mean of three hour interval ap indices: 12.5). Three hour interval K indices: 43222322 (planetary), 43332422 (Boulder), 56233333 (Andenes).
The background x-ray flux is at the class C3 level (GOES 16).
At the time of counting spots (see image time), spots were observed in 14 active regions using 2K resolution (SN: 278) and in 13 active regions using 1K resolution (SN: 196) SDO/HMI images.
Region 13697 [S19W71] decayed slightly after
producing many M flares early in the day. Another proton flare is possible
while the region is rotating to and over the southwest limb.
Region 13698 [N22W83] decayed slowly and quietly.
Region 13701 [S05W69] decayed slowly and quietly.
Region 13702 [N17W09] decayed slowly and quietly.
Region 13703 [S07W48] decayed slowly and was mostly quiet.
Region 13704 [S17W04] decayed slowly and quietly.
Region 13707 [S15E31] decayed slowly and was mostly quiet.
Region 13708 [S22E47] was mostly quiet and stable.
Region 13709 [S09E54] was less active than on the previous day and is
capable of producing further M flares.
Spotted regions not observed (or interpreted
differently) by SWPC/USAF:
S9777 [S15W38] reemerged as new flux caused quick development of
spots.
S9783 [S09E67] was mostly quiet and stable and appears to have a
small magnetic delta configuration.
New region S9784 [S09W14] emerged with tiny spots.
New region S9785 [N14E78] rotated into view with a tiny spot.
New region S9786 [S23E12] was observed with tiny spots in an
old plage area.
C2+ flares
| Magnitude | Peak time (UT) | Location | Source | Recorded by | Comment |
| M1.8 | 00:28 | S13E47 | 13709 | GOES16 | simultaneous (and nearly equal magnitude) flare in AR 13707 |
| M1.2 | 00:41 | 13697 | GOES16 | ||
| M3.4/1F | 00:51 | S18W53 | 13697 | GOES16 | |
| M9.7 | 01:49 | S18W53 | 13697 | GOES16 | partial halo CME, proton flare strong type II and moderate type IV radio sweeps |
| M1.6 | 03:18 | 13709 | GOES16 | ||
| C9.3 | 04:24 | 13709 | GOES16 | ||
| C9.5 | 04:33 | 13697 | GOES16 | ||
| C6.6 | 04:58 | 13709 | GOES16 | ||
| M1.5 | 05:28 | S21W61 | 13697 | GOES16 | |
| M1.2 | 08:44 | 13697 | GOES16 | ||
| M1.2 | 08:58 | S21W76 | 13697 | GOES16 | |
| C4.0 | 09:51 | 13709 | GOES16 | ||
| C5.0 | 11:03 | 13697 | GOES16 | ||
| C4.9 | 11:10 | 13697 | GOES16 | ||
| C4.8 | 11:54 | 13697 | GOES16 | ||
| C3.8 | 13:13 | 13703 | GOES16 | ||
| C4.9 | 14:47 | 13709 | GOES16 | ||
| C5.4 | 14:58 | 13697 | GOES16 | ||
| C5.7 | 17:26 | 13697 | GOES16 | ||
| C3.9 | 17:39 | 13697 | GOES16 | ||
| C3.0 | 18:09 | 13697 | GOES16 | ||
| C3.3 | 18:43 | 13697 | GOES16 | ||
| C4.4 | 20:45 | 13697 | GOES16 | ||
| C3.3 | 20:56 | 13697 | GOES16 | ||
| M1.0 | 21:02 | 13703 | GOES16 | ||
| C3.0 | 21:17 | 13697 | GOES16 | ||
| C3.5 | 21:47 | 13697 | GOES16 | ||
| C3.2 | 22:26 | 13697 | GOES16 | ||
| C3.0 | 22:48 | 13697 | GOES16 | ||
| C3.1 | 23:24 | 13697 | GOES16 |
June 6-7: No obviously Earth directed CME observed.
June 8: A partial halo CME was observed after the M9 flare in AR
13697 at 01:49 UT. The CME could reach Earth on June 10 and cause active to
severe storm conditions.
[Coronal hole history (since October 2002)]
[Compare today's report to the situation one solar rotation ago:
28 days ago
27 days ago
26 days ago]
A positive polarity northern hemisphere coronal hole (CH1224) rotated across the central meridian on June 4-6. A southern hemisphere negative polarity coronal hole (CH1225) could become Earth facing on June 10, however, is showing signs of decay.
Long distance low and medium frequency (below 2 MHz) propagation along paths north of due west over upper middle and high latitudes is poor. Propagation on long distance northeast-southwest paths is poor to fair.
The geomagnetic field is expected to be at quiet to unsettled levels on June 9 due to effects from CH1224 and quiet to severe storm levels on June 10-11 due to CME effects.
| Coronal holes (1) | Coronal mass ejections (2) | M and X class flares (3) |
1) Effects from a coronal hole
could reach Earth within the next 5 days. When the high speed
stream has arrived the color changes to green.
2) Effects from a CME are likely to be observed at Earth within 96 hours.
3) There is a possibility of either M or X class flares within the next 48 hours.
Green: 0-30% probability, Yellow: 30-70% probability, Red: 70-100% probability.
(Click on image for 2K resolution).
4K resolution.
Compare to the previous
day's image. 0.5K image
When available the active region map has a coronal hole polarity overlay where red (pink) is negative and blue is positive.
Data for all officially numbered solar regions according to the Solar Region Summary provided by NOAA/SWPC, all other regions are numbered sequentially as they emerge using the STAR spot number. Comments are my own, as is the STAR spot count (spots observed at or inside a few hours before midnight) and data for regions not numbered by SWPC or where SWPC has observed no spots. SWPC active region numbers in the table below and in the active region map above are the historic SWPC/USAF numbers. SWPC data considered to be not sufficiently precise (location, area, classification) are colored red.
| Active region | SWPC date numbered STAR detected |
Spot count | Location at midnight | Area | Classification | SDO / HMI 4K continuum image with magnetic polarity overlays |
Comment | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SWPC/ USAF |
Magnetic (SDO) |
SWPC | STAR | Current | Previous | ||||||
| 2K | 1K | ||||||||||
| 13697 | 2024.05.27 2024.05.28 |
19 | 22 | 12 | S17W72 | 0360 | EKC | EKC |
 |
 |
beta-gamma-delta location: S19W71 area: 0510 |
| 13698 | 2024.05.28 2024.05.30 |
4 | 2 | 2 | N22W82 | 0130 | EAO | EAO |
 |
 |
|
| 13701 | 2024.05.31 2024.06.01 |
3 | 3 | 2 | S06W68 | 0040 | CAO | CRO |
 |
 |
location: S05W69 |
| 13703 | 2024.05.31 2024.06.03 |
7 | 14 | 8 | S08W52 | 0160 | DAC | DAI |
 |
 |
beta-gamma location: S07W48 area: 0250 |
| S9760 | 2024.06.01 | N11W40 | |||||||||
| 13702 | 2024.06.01 2024.06.02 |
4 | 16 | 5 | N16W08 | 0100 | CSO | DSO |
 |
 |
area: 0160 location: N17W09 |
| S9762 | 2024.06.01 | S14W19 | |||||||||
| 13704 | 2024.06.02 2024.06.03 |
1 | 3 | 2 | S18W06 | 0010 | AXX | HRX |
 |
 |
location: S17W04 |
| 13706 | 2024.06.03 2024.06.04 |
S12W27 | location: S12W34 | ||||||||
| S9769 | 2024.06.03 | N09E05 |
 |
||||||||
| S9770 | 2024.06.04 | N15W36 | |||||||||
| S9771 | 2024.06.04 | N36W09 |
 |
||||||||
| S9772 | 2024.06.04 | S05W12 | |||||||||
| S9774 | 2024.06.05 | S27E13 | |||||||||
| 13707 | 2024.06.05 2024.06.06 |
6 | 26 | 10 | S15E32 | 0080 | DAI | EAI |
 |
 |
area: 0130 location: S15E31 |
| 13708 | 2024.06.05 2024.06.06 |
3 | 6 | 3 | S23E45 | 0050 | CAO | CAO |
 |
 |
area: 0110 location: S22E47 |
| S9777 | 2024.06.06 | 11 | 5 | S15W38 | 0080 | DAO |
 |
||||
| S9778 | 2024.06.06 | N26E16 |
 |
||||||||
| 13709 | 2024.06.06 2024.06.07 |
6 | 19 | 8 | S10E60 | 0080 | CAI | DKO |
 |
 |
area: 0510 location: S09E54 |
| S9781 | 2024.06.07 | S25E35 |
 |
||||||||
| S9782 | 2024.06.07 | S08E45 |
 |
||||||||
| S9783 | 2024.06.07 | 8 | 4 | S09E67 | 0050 | DAO |
 |
 |
beta-delta? | ||
| S9784 | 2024.06.08 | 4 | 4 | S09W14 | 0015 | BXO |
 |
||||
| S9785 | 2024.06.08 | 1 | 1 | N14E78 | 0003 | AXX |
 |
||||
| S9786 | 2024.06.08 | 3 | S23E12 | 0006 | BXO |
 |
|||||
| Total spot count: | 53 | 138 | 66 | ||||||||
| Sunspot number: | 143 | 278 | 196 | (total spot count + 10 * number of spotted regions) | |||||||
| Weighted SN: | 98 | 199 | 127 | (Sum of total spot count + classification weighting for each AR. Classification weighting: X=0, R=3, A/S=5, H/K=10) | |||||||
| Relative sunspot number (Wolf number): | 157 | 153 | 157 | ||||||||
| Month | Average solar flux | International sunspot number (WDC-SILSO) |
Smoothed sunspot number (4) | Average ap (3) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Measured | 1 AU | ||||
| 2014.02 | 170.3 (cycle peak) |
166.3 | 146.1 (SC24 peak) | 110.5 | 10.70 |
| 2014.04 | 143.9 | 144.8 | 112.5 | 116.4 (SC24 solar max) | 7.88 |
| 2017.09 | 91.3 | 92.3 | 43.6 | 18.2 (-1.3) | 18.22 (SC24 peak) |
| 2019.11 | 70.2 | 68.7 | 0.5 | 2.0 (-0.6) (Solar minimum using 365d smoothing: November 17, 2019) |
4.19 |
| 2019.12 | 70.8 | 68.6 | 1.6 | 1.8 (-0.2) (ISN 13 months smoothed solar minimum) |
3.22 |
| 2022.10 | 133.5 | 132.7 | 95.5 | 98.9 (+2.4) | 11.16 |
| 2022.11 | 123.4 | 120.7 | 80.5 | 101.2 (+2.3) | 9.33 |
| 2022.12 | 147.9 | 143.4 | 112.8 | 106.7 (+5.5) | 10.99 |
| 2023.01 | 182.4 | 176.6 | 144.4 | 113.3 (+6.6) | 8.73 |
| 2023.02 | 167.2 | 163.2 | 111.3 | 117.8 (+3.5) | 14.48 |
| 2023.03 | 157.2 | 155.6 | 123.3 | 121.1 (+3.3) | 14.42 |
| 2023.04 | 145.4 | 146.4 | 97.6 | 122.9 (+1.8) | 13.40 |
| 2023.05 | 155.6 | 159.2 | 137.4 | 124.2 (+1.3) | 10.67 |
| 2023.06 | 161.7 | 166.8 | 160.5 | 125.3 (+1.1) | 8.95 |
| 2023.07 | 176.4 | 182.2 | 160.0 | 124.4 (-0.9) | 8.15 |
| 2023.08 | 153.7 | 157.6 | 114.8 | 124.1 (-0.3) | 7.19 |
| 2023.09 | 154.4 | 156.0 | 134.2 | 123.9 (-0.2) | 14.26 |
| 2023.10 | 142.8 | 141.9 | 99.4 | 124.8 (+0.9) | 8.16 |
| 2023.11 | 153.5 | 150.2 | 105.4 | 127.8 (+3.0) | 12.20 |
| 2023.12 | 151.1 | 146.4 | 114.2 | (128.7 projected, +0.9) | 9.60 |
| 2024.01 | 164.6 | 159.3 | 123.0 | (127.0 projected, -1.7) | 5.46 |
| 2024.02 | 172.5 | 168.3 | 124.7 | (126.2 projected, -0.8) | 5.31 |
| 2024.03 | 154.4 | 152.9 | 104.9 | (125.6 projected, -0.6) | 11.03 |
| 2024.04 | 161.3 | 162.6 | 136.5 | (125.6 projected, -0.0) | 9.69 |
| 2024.05 | 187.8 | 191.9 | 171.7 (SC25 peak) | (126.7 projected, +1.1) | 23.6 (current SC25 peak) |
| 2024.06 | 188.4 (1) | 48.2 (2A) / 180.9 (2B) / 182.2 (2C) | (125.9 projected, -0.8) | (9.6) | |
| 2024.07 | (124.2 projected, -1.7) | ||||
| 2024.08 | (122.2 projected, -2.0) | ||||
| 2024.09 | (121.0 projected, -1.2) | ||||
| 2024.10 | (119.6 projected, -1.4) | ||||
| 2024.11 | (114.5 projected, -5.1) | ||||
| 2024.12 | (109.1 projected, -5.4) | ||||
1) Running average based on the daily 20:00 UTC observed solar flux value at 2800 MHz
and any corrections applied to that measurement.
2A) Current impact on the monthly sunspot number based on the Boulder (NOAA/SWPC) sunspot number (accumulated daily sunspots / month days).
2B) Boulder SN current month average to date.
2C) STAR SDO 1K Wolf number 30 day average.
3) Running average based on the quicklook and definitive Potsdam WDC ap indices. Values in red
are based on the definitive international
GFZ Potsdam WDC ap indices.
4) Source: WDC-SILSO, Royal Observatory
Of Belgium, Brussels
May 2024 easily became the month with the highest sunspot counts during solar cycle 25, and early June has seen no change in that pattern of many spot groups, some of which are large and complex. The next candidate for solar max is still uncertain, however, May 20-21, 2024 has all of the smoothed 365d sunspot numbers as well as the 365d smoothed solar flux signalling a peak on those days.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
This report has been prepared by Jan Alvestad. It is based on the analysis of data from whatever sources are available at the time the report is prepared. All time references are to Universal Time. Comments and suggestions are always welcome.
SDO images are courtesy of NASA/SDO and the AIA, EVE, and HMI science teams.
