The geomagnetic field was quiet on July 2. Solar wind speed at SOHO ranged between 361 and 437 km/sec. The high latitude magnetometer at Andenes recorded quiet to active levels.
Solar flux density measured at 20h UT on 2.8 GHz was 170.2 - increasing 1.0 over the previous solar rotation. (Centered 1 year average SF at 1 AU - 183 days ago: 145.90. In comparison SC24 peaked on June 28, 2014 at 145.50). The Potsdam WDC planetary A index was 4 (STAR Ap - based on the mean of three hour interval ap indices: 3.9). Three hour interval K indices: 12111101 (planetary), 12131212 (Boulder), 21113234 (Andenes).
The background x-ray flux is at the class C2 level (GOES 16).
At the time of counting spots (see image time), spots were observed in 14 active regions using 2K resolution (SN: 340) and in 10 active regions using 1K resolution (SN: 204) SDO/HMI images.
Region 13354 [N16W58] decayed further in the
trailing spot section while the leading spot section developed. The magnetic
delta configuration is still present after the X1 flare. Another major flare is possible.
C1 flares: C1.7 @ 01:37, C1.6 @ 14:10, C1.7 @ 15:07. C1.5 @ 15:40 UT
Region 13355 [S13W05] decayed slowly and quietly.
Region 13356 [S07E08] decayed slowly and quietly.
Region 13357 [S06E20] developed slowly and quietly.
Region 13358 [S13E45] is becoming a compact region and has developed
magnetic delta structures. M class flares are likely. C1 flares: C1.8 @
16:19 UT
Region 13359 [S21E40] developed further with a magnetic delta
forming. Further M class flares are likely.
New region 13360 [N23E47] rotated into view on June 30 and developed
on July 1. The region was mostly quiet and stable on July 2.
Spotted regions not observed (or interpreted
differently) by SWPC/USAF:
S8717 [S07E58] was mostly quiet and stable.
New region S8724 [N09E38] emerged with a few spots.
New region S8725 [S20E57] was observed with tiny spots in an
old plage area.
New region S8726 [S37E38] emerged with tiny
spots.
New region S8727 [N29W33] emerged with tiny spots.
New region S8728 [N23E73] rotated into view
with tiny spots.
New region S8729 [N40W20] emerged with a tiny spot at a high
latitude.
C2+ flares:
| Magnitude | Peak time (UT) | Location | Source | Recorded by | Comment |
| C2.1 | 00:36 | 13354 | GOES16 | ||
| M2.0 | 02:35 | 13359 | GOES16 | strong type II radio sweep | |
| C4.1 | 02:56 | 13359 | GOES16 | ||
| C2.9 | 03:34 | 13354 | GOES16 | ||
| C2.3 | 04:22 | 13354 | GOES16 | ||
| C2.1 | 04:38 | 13359 | GOES16 | ||
| C2.0 | 06:03 | 13359 | GOES16 | ||
| C2.0 | 06:28 | 13357 | GOES16 | ||
| C2.0 | 07:10 | 13354 | GOES16 | ||
| C2.3 | 07:20 | 13360 | GOES16 | ||
| C2.4 | 08:14 | 13359 | GOES16 | ||
| C6.5 | 08:24 | N17W49 | 13354 | GOES16 | simultaneous flare in AR 13359 |
| C3.9 | 08:42 | 13358 | GOES16 | ||
| C8.8 | 08:53 | N16W51 | 13354 | GOES16 | |
| C3.1 | 09:40 | 13354 | GOES16 | ||
| C3.1 | 09:52 | 13354 | GOES16 | ||
| C3.0 | 10:03 | 13354 | GOES16 | ||
| C2.4 | 11:09 | 13354 | GOES16 | ||
| C2.4 | 11:16 | 13354 | GOES16 | ||
| C2.3 | 11:34 | 13354 | GOES16 | ||
| C2.0 | 13:21 | 13354 | GOES16 | ||
| C2.1 | 16:37 | 13354 | GOES16 | ||
| C2.6 | 17:35 | 13359 | GOES16 | simultaneous flare in AR 13354 | |
| C2.3 | 21:03 | S8717 | GOES16 | ||
| C7.3 | 21:26 | S13E46 | 13358 | GOES16 | |
| C4.1 | 21:33 | 13358 | GOES16 | ||
| C2.7 | 21:49 | 13354 | GOES16 | ||
| C2.6 | 22:09 | 13354 | GOES16 | ||
| C5.7 | 22:29 | 13354 | GOES16 | ||
| C4.4 | 22:45 | 13354 | GOES16 | ||
| X1.0 | 23:14 | 13354 | GOES16 |
June 30 - July 2: No obviously Earth directed CMEs were observed.
[Coronal hole history (since October 2002)]
[Compare today's report to the situation one solar rotation ago:
28 days ago
27 days ago
26 days ago]
A small southern hemisphere coronal hole (CH1157) was Earth facing on June 30. A recurrent northern hemisphere coronal hole (CH1158) will likely be Earth facing on July 4-5.
Long distance low and medium frequency (below 2 MHz) propagation along paths north of due west over upper middle and high latitudes is fair. Propagation on long distance northeast-southwest paths is poor.
Quiet to unsettled geomagnetic conditions are possible on July 3-4 due to weak effects from CH1157. Quiet conditions are likely on July 5.
| Coronal holes (1) | Coronal mass ejection (2) | M and X class flares (3) |
1) Effects from a coronal hole
could reach Earth within the next 5 days. When the high speed
stream has arrived the color changes to green.
2) Effects from a CME are likely to be observed at Earth within 96 hours.
3) There is a possibility of either M or X class flares within the next 48 hours.
Green: 0-30% probability, Yellow: 30-70% probability, Red: 70-100% probability.
(Click on image for 2K resolution).
4K resolution.
Compare to the previous day's image. 0.5K image
When available the active region map has a coronal hole polarity overlay where red (pink) is negative and blue is positive.
Data for all officially numbered solar regions according to the Solar Region Summary provided by NOAA/SWPC, all other regions are numbered sequentially as they emerge using the STAR spot number. Comments are my own, as is the STAR spot count (spots observed at or inside a few hours before midnight) and data for regions not numbered by SWPC or where SWPC has observed no spots. SWPC active region numbers in the table below and in the active region map above are the historic SWPC/USAF numbers. SWPC data considered to be not sufficiently precise (location, area, classification) are colored red.
| Active region | SWPC date numbered STAR detected |
Spot count | Location at midnight | Area | Classification | SDO / HMI 4K continuum image with magnetic polarity overlays |
Comment | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SWPC/ USAF |
Magnetic (SDO) |
SWPC | STAR | Current | Previous | ||||||
| 2K | 1K | ||||||||||
| 13350 | 2023.06.20 2023.06.23 |
S11W87 | location: S09W79 | ||||||||
| 13348 | 2023.06.21 2023.06.23 |
S33W75 | location: S34W64 | ||||||||
| 13349 | 2023.06.22 2023.06.23 |
N08W87 | location: N09W80 | ||||||||
| 13351 | 2023.06.22 2023.06.23 |
N21W64 | location: N22W60 | ||||||||
| 13354 | 2023.06.22 2023.06.26 |
22 | 62 | 35 | N16W58 | 1150 | FKC | FKC |
 |
 |
beta-gamma-delta |
| 13355 | 2023.06.26 2023.06.27 |
1 | 7 | 3 | S16W06 | 0010 | AXX | AXX |
 |
 |
area: 0014 location: S13W05 |
| S8707 | 2023.06.27 | N20W34 | |||||||||
| 13356 | 2023.06.29 2023.06.30 |
3 | 7 | 4 | S07E09 | 0010 | BXO | CRO |
 |
 |
location: S07E08 area: 0025 |
| S8711 | 2023.06.29 | N14E10 | |||||||||
| S8712 | 2023.06.29 | S12W17 | |||||||||
| S8713 | 2023.06.29 | S12W28 | |||||||||
| 13357 | 2023.06.30 2023.07.01 |
6 | 24 | 13 | S07E18 | 0030 | DAO | DAI |
 |
 |
location: S06E20 area: 0170 |
| 13358 | 2023.06.30 2023.07.01 |
15 | 48 | 23 | S12E43 | 0070 | DAI | DAI |
 |
 |
beta-gamma-delta location: S13E45 area: 0300 |
| 13359 | 2023.06.30 2023.07.01 |
7 | 25 | 17 | S22E41 | 0060 | DAI | DAC |
 |
 |
beta-gamma-delta location: S21E40 area: 0250 |
| S8717 | 2023.06.30 | 6 | S07E58 | 0008 | BXO |
 |
 |
||||
| S8718 | 2023.06.30 | N14E09 |
 |
||||||||
| 13360 | 2023.06.30 2023.07.01 |
2 | 6 | 3 | N23E44 | 0020 | HSX | CAO |
 |
 |
location: N23E47 area: 0090 |
| S8720 | 2023.06.30 | N31W11 |
 |
||||||||
| S8721 | 2023.06.30 2023.07.01 |
N17E25 | |||||||||
| S8722 | 2023.07.01 | S17W29 |
 |
||||||||
| S8724 | 2023.07.02 | 4 | 4 | N09E38 | 0030 | DRO |
 |
||||
| S8725 | 2023.07.02 | 3 | S20E57 | 0004 | BXO |
 |
|||||
| S8726 | 2023.07.02 | 2 | 1 | S37E38 | 0004 | AXX |
 |
||||
| S8727 | 2023.07.02 | 2 | N29W33 | 0002 | BXO |
 |
|||||
| S8728 | 2023.07.02 | 3 | 1 | N23E73 | 0005 | BXO |
 |
||||
| S8729 | 2023.07.02 | 1 | N40W20 | 0001 | AXX |
 |
|||||
| Total spot count: | 56 | 200 | 104 | ||||||||
| Sunspot number: | 126 | 340 | 204 | (total spot count + 10 * number of spotted regions) | |||||||
| Weighted SN: | 86 | 236 | 140 | (Sum of total spot count + classification weighting for each AR. Classification weighting: X=0, R=3, A/S=5, H/K=10) | |||||||
| Relative sunspot number (Wolf number): | 139 | 187 | 163 | ||||||||
| Month | Average solar flux | International sunspot number (WDC-SILSO) |
Smoothed sunspot number (4) | Average ap (3) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Measured | 1 AU | ||||
| 2014.02 | 170.3 (cycle peak) |
166.3 | 146.1 (SC24 peak) | 110.5 | 10.70 |
| 2014.04 | 143.9 | 144.8 | 112.5 | 116.4 (SC24 solar max) | 7.88 |
| 2017.09 | 91.3 | 92.3 | 43.6 | 18.2 (-1.3) | 18.22 (SC24 peak) |
| 2019.11 | 70.2 | 68.7 | 0.5 | 2.0 (-0.6) (Solar minimum using 365d smoothing: November 17, 2019) |
4.19 |
| 2019.12 | 70.8 | 68.6 | 1.6 | 1.8 (-0.2) (ISN 13 months smoothed solar minimum) |
3.22 |
| 2021.12 | 103.0 | 99.8 | 67.5 | 55.9 (+5.1) | 6.40 |
| 2022.01 | 103.8 | 100.5 | 55.3 | 60.1 (+4.2) | 8.92 |
| 2022.02 | 109.1 | 106.5 | 60.9 | 64.7 (+4.6) | 10.46 |
| 2022.03 | 117.0 | 115.8 | 78.6 | 68.7 (+4.0) | 10.20 |
| 2022.04 | 130.8 | 131.7 | 84.0 | 73.0 (+4.3) | 11.79 |
| 2022.05 | 133.8 | 136.8 | 96.5 | 77.4 (+4.4) | 7.48 |
| 2022.06 | 116.1 | 119.8 | 70.3 | 81.1 (+3.7) | 8.20 |
| 2022.07 | 125.4 | 129.5 | 91.4 | 86.7 (+5.6) | 9.51 |
| 2022.08 | 114.2 | 117.1 | 74.6 | 92.5 (+5.8) | 10.92 |
| 2022.09 | 135.1 | 136.5 | 96.0 | 96.4 (+3.9) | 12.18 |
| 2022.10 | 133.5 | 132.7 | 95.5 | 98.7 (+2.3) | 11.16 |
| 2022.11 | 123.4 | 120.7 | 80.5 | 101.0 (+2.3) | 9.33 |
| 2022.12 | 147.9 | 143.4 | 112.8 | 106.6 (+5.6) | 10.99 |
| 2023.01 | 182.4 | 176.6 | 143.6 | (113.7 projected, +6.1) | 8.73 |
| 2023.02 | 167.2 | 163.2 | 110.9 | (118.5 projected, +4.8) | 14.48 (current SC25 peak) |
| 2023.03 | 157.2 | 155.6 | 122.6 | (121.6 projected, +3.1) | 14.42 |
| 2023.04 | 145.4 | 146.4 | 96.4 | (127.0 projected, +5.4) | 13.40 |
| 2023.05 | 155.6 | 159.2 | 137.9 | (132.7 projected, +5.7) | 10.67 |
| 2023.06 | 161.7 | 166.8 | 163.4 | (135.9 projected, +3.2) | 8.9 |
| 2023.07 | 167.9 (1) | 7.9 (2A) / 122.5 (2B) / 174.5 (2C) | (135.4 projected, -0.5) | (4.3) | |
| 2023.08 | (136.4 projected, +1.0) | ||||
| 2023.09 | (139.8 projected, +3.4) | ||||
| 2023.10 | (141.6 projected, +1.8) | ||||
| 2023.11 | (144.2 projected max SC25, +2.6) | ||||
| 2023.12 | (143.4 projected, -0.1) | ||||
| 2024.01 | (140.1 projected, -3.3) | ||||
1) Running average based on the daily 20:00 UTC observed solar flux value at 2800 MHz
and any corrections applied to that measurement.
2A) Current impact on the monthly sunspot number based on the Boulder (NOAA/SWPC) sunspot number (accumulated daily sunspots / month days).
2B) Boulder SN current month average to date.
2C) STAR SDO 1K Wolf number 30 day average.
3) Running average based on the quicklook and definitive Potsdam WDC ap indices. Values in red
are based on the definitive international
GFZ Potsdam WDC ap indices.
4) Source: WDC-SILSO, Royal Observatory
Of Belgium, Brussels
This report has been prepared by Jan Alvestad. It is based on the analysis of data from whatever sources are available at the time the report is prepared. All time references are to Universal Time. Comments and suggestions are always welcome.
SDO images are courtesy of NASA/SDO and the AIA, EVE, and HMI science teams.
