The geomagnetic field was quiet to unsettled on April 25 with the unsettled intervals occurring after noon with the arrival of effects from CH1142. Solar wind speed at SOHO ranged between 476 and 684 km/sec. The high latitude magnetometer at Andenes recorded quiet to minor storm levels.
Solar flux density measured at 20h UT on 2.8 GHz was 130.7 - decreasing 17.1 over the previous solar rotation. (Centered 1 year average SF at 1 AU - 183 days ago: 139.55. In comparison SC24 peaked on June 28, 2014 at 145.50). The Potsdam WDC planetary A index was 7 (STAR Ap - based on the mean of three hour interval ap indices: 7.1). Three hour interval K indices: 10013232 (planetary), 22222322 (Boulder), 20113255 (Andenes).
The background x-ray flux is at the class B7 level (GOES 16).
At the time of counting spots (see image time), spots were observed in 15 active regions using 2K resolution (SN: 243) and in 12 active regions using 1K resolution (SN: 160) SDO/HMI images.
Region 13284 [S08W38] was quiet and stable.
Region 13285 [S17E16] decayed slowly and quietly.
Region 13286 [S11E26] decayed slowly and quietly.
Region 13287 [S24E49] decayed slowly and quietly.
New region 13288 [S22E23] emerged on April 24 and was numbered by
SWPC the next day as development continued. C1 flares: C1.0 @ 03:20, C1.7 @
08:07, C1.0 @ 09:09 UT
New region 13289 [N19E78] rotated into view with a few spots. C1
flares: C1.0 @ 03:00, C1.2 @ 10:05, C1.0 @ 19:10 UT
Spotted regions not observed (or interpreted
differently) by SWPC:
S8473 [S33W38] reemerged with tiny spots.
S8486 [N27W07] was quiet and stable.
S8489 [N18E13] developed slowly and quietly.
S8492 [N16E03] was quiet and stable.
New region S8495 [N24W31] emerged with several spots.
New region S8496 [N09E27] emerged with a few spots.
New region S8497 [S17E47] emerged with a tiny spot.
New region S8498 [N15E84] rotated partly into view with a tiny
spot.
New region S8499 [S17E02] emerged with a tiny spot.
C2+ flares:
| Magnitude | Peak time (UT) | Location | Source | Recorded by | Comment |
April 23, 25: No obviously Earth directed CMEs were
observed.
April 24: A partial halo CME was observed after a filament eruption
in the southwest quadrant that began at 12:37 UT in SDO/AIA imagery. The CME
could reach Earth on April 27 and cause unsettled to minor storm conditions.
[Coronal hole history (since October 2002)]
[Compare today's report to the situation one solar rotation ago:
28 days ago
27 days ago
26 days ago]
A recurrent trans equatorial coronal hole (CH1142) will be Earth facing on April 23-26.
Long distance low and medium frequency (below 2 MHz) propagation along paths north of due west over upper middle and high latitudes is poor. Propagation on long distance northeast-southwest paths is poor.
Quiet to active conditions are likely on April 26-27 due to effects from CH1142. If the April 24 CME arrives quiet to minor storm conditions could occur on April 27-28.
| Coronal holes (1) | Coronal mass ejection (2) | M and X class flares (3) |
1) Effects from a coronal hole
could reach Earth within the next 5 days. When the high speed
stream has arrived the color changes to green.
2) Effects from a CME are likely to be observed at Earth within 96 hours.
3) There is a possibility of either M or X class flares within the next 48 hours.
Green: 0-30% probability, Yellow: 30-70% probability, Red: 70-100% probability.
(Click on image for 2K resolution).
4K resolution.
Compare to the previous day's image. 0.5K image
When available the active region map has a coronal hole polarity overlay where red (pink) is negative and blue is positive.
Data for all officially numbered solar regions according to the Solar Region Summary provided by NOAA/SWPC, all other regions are numbered sequentially as they emerge using the STAR spot number. Comments are my own, as is the STAR spot count (spots observed at or inside a few hours before midnight) and data for regions not numbered by SWPC or where SWPC has observed no spots. SWPC active region numbers in the table below and in the active region map above are the historic SWPC/USAF numbers. SWPC data considered to be not sufficiently precise (location, area, classification) are colored red.
| Active region | SWPC date numbered STAR detected |
Spot count | Location at midnight | Area | Classification | SDO / HMI 4K continuum image with magnetic polarity overlays |
Comment | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SWPC/ USAF |
Magnetic (SDO) |
SWPC | STAR | Current | Previous | ||||||
| 2K | 1K | ||||||||||
| 13281 | 2023.04.12 2023.04.13 |
S24W85 | |||||||||
| 13283 | 2023.04.13 2023.04.16 |
S23W70 |
 |
location: S21W66 |
|||||||
| 13284 | 2023.04.17 2023.04.17 |
1 | 5 | 2 | S08W40 | 0005 | AXX | CRO |
 |
 |
area: 0010 location: S08W38 |
| S8473 | 2023.04.19 | 3 | 1 | S33W38 | 0006 | BXO |
 |
||||
| S8475 | 2023.04.19 | N26W33 |
 |
||||||||
| S8479 | 2023.04.20 | N06W28 | |||||||||
| 13285 | 2023.04.20 2023.04.21 |
5 | 19 | 5 | S17E18 | 0220 | CAO | CSO |
 |
 |
location: S17E16 |
| S8482 | 2023.04.21 | S23W27 | |||||||||
| 13286 | 2023.04.21 2023.04.24 |
6 | 2 | S10E25 | 0010 | BXO |
 |
 |
location: S11E26 | ||
| S8485 | 2023.04.22 | N16W11 |
 |
||||||||
| S8486 | 2023.04.22 | 4 | N27W07 | 0008 | BXO |
 |
 |
||||
| 13287 | 2023.04.23 2023.04.24 |
1 | 1 | 1 | S24E48 | 0010 | AXX | AXX |
 |
 |
location: S24E49 |
| S8488 | 2023.04.23 | S26E17 | |||||||||
| S8489 | 2023.04.23 | 10 | 5 | N18E13 | 0030 | CRO |
 |
 |
|||
| 13288 | 2023.04.24 2023.04.25 |
4 | 19 | 11 | S22E24 | 0180 | DSO | DAI |
 |
 |
area: 0250 location: S22E23 |
| S8492 | 2023.04.24 | 5 | 3 | N16E03 | 0015 | BXO |
 |
 |
|||
| S8493 | 2023.04.24 | S18W12 |
 |
||||||||
| 13289 | 2023.04.25 2023.04.25 |
2 | 4 | 3 | N20E67 | 0090 | HAX | DAC |
 |
was AR S8494 location: N19E78 area: 0200 |
|
| S8495 | 2023.04.25 | 11 | 4 | N24W31 | 0030 | DRO |
 |
||||
| S8496 | 2023.04.25 | 3 | 2 | N09E27 | 0010 | CRO |
 |
||||
| S8497 | 2023.04.25 | 1 | 1 | S17E47 | 0005 | AXX |
 |
||||
| S8498 | 2023.04.25 | 1 | N15E84 | 0005 | AXX |
 |
|||||
| S8499 | 2023.04.25 | 1 | S27E02 | 0001 | AXX |
 |
|||||
| Total spot count: | 13 | 93 | 40 | ||||||||
| Sunspot number: | 63 | 243 | 160 | (total spot count + 10 * number of spotted regions) | |||||||
| Weighted SN: | 28 | 120 | 67 | (Sum of total spot count + classification weighting for each AR. Classification weighting: X=0, R=3, A/S=5, H/K=10) | |||||||
| Relative sunspot number (Wolf number): | 69 | 134 | 128 | ||||||||
| Month | Average solar flux | International sunspot number (WDC-SILSO) |
Smoothed sunspot number (4) | Average ap (3) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Measured | 1 AU | ||||
| 2014.02 | 170.3 (cycle peak) |
166.3 | 146.1 (SC24 peak) | 110.5 | 10.70 |
| 2014.04 | 143.9 | 144.8 | 112.5 | 116.4 (SC24 solar max) | 7.88 |
| 2017.09 | 91.3 | 92.3 | 43.6 | 18.2 (-1.3) | 18.22 (SC24 peak) |
| 2019.11 | 70.2 | 68.7 | 0.5 | 2.0 (-0.6) (Solar minimum using 365d smoothing: November 17, 2019) |
4.19 |
| 2019.12 | 70.8 | 68.6 | 1.6 | 1.8 (-0.2) (ISN 13 months smoothed solar minimum) |
3.22 |
| 2021.09 | 87.0 | 88.2 | 51.3 | 40.2 (+4.8) | 6.33 |
| 2021.10 | 88.9 | 88.3 | 37.4 | 45.2 (+5.0) | 7.38 |
| 2021.11 | 86.2 | 84.4 | 34.8 | 50.8 (+5.6) | 9.83 |
| 2021.12 | 103.0 | 99.8 | 67.5 | 55.9 (+5.1) | 6.40 |
| 2022.01 | 103.8 | 100.5 | 55.3 | 60.1 (+4.2) | 8.92 |
| 2022.02 | 109.1 | 106.5 | 60.9 | 64.7 (+4.6) | 10.46 |
| 2022.03 | 117.0 | 115.8 | 78.6 | 68.7 (+4.0) | 10.20 |
| 2022.04 | 130.8 | 131.7 | 84.0 | 73.0 (+4.3) | 11.79 |
| 2022.05 | 133.8 | 136.8 | 96.5 | 77.4 (+4.4) | 7.48 |
| 2022.06 | 116.1 | 119.8 | 70.3 | 81.1 (+3.7) | 8.20 |
| 2022.07 | 125.4 | 129.5 | 91.4 | 86.7 (+5.6) | 9.51 |
| 2022.08 | 114.2 | 117.1 | 74.6 | 92.5 (+5.8) | 10.92 |
| 2022.09 | 135.1 | 136.5 | 96.0 | 96.4 (+3.9) | 12.18 |
| 2022.10 | 133.5 | 132.7 | 95.5 | (99.0 projected, +2.6) | 11.16 |
| 2022.11 | 123.4 | 120.7 | 80.5 | (102.0 projected, +3.0) | 9.33 |
| 2022.12 | 147.9 | 143.4 | 112.8 | (106.8 projected, +4.8) | 10.99 |
| 2023.01 | 182.4 | 176.6 | 143.6 | (112.9 projected, +6.1) | 8.73 |
| 2023.02 | 167.2 | 163.2 | 110.9 | (117.9 projected, +5.0) | 14.48 (current SC25 peak) |
| 2023.03 | 157.2 | 155.6 | 122.6 | (121.0 projected, +3.1) | 14.42 |
| 2023.04 | 145.0 (1) | 75.0 (2A) / 90.0 (2B) / 138.6 (2C) | (126.4 projected, +5.4) | (12.6) | |
| 2023.05 | (132.1 projected, +5.7) | ||||
| 2023.06 | (135.2 projected, +3.1) | ||||
| 2023.07 | (134.7 projected, -0.5) | ||||
| 2023.08 | (135.7 projected, +1.0) | ||||
| 2023.09 | (139.2 projected, +3.5) | ||||
| 2023.11 | (142.5 projected max SC25) | ||||
1) Running average based on the daily 20:00 UTC observed solar flux value at 2800 MHz
and any corrections applied to that measurement.
2A) Current impact on the monthly sunspot number based on the Boulder (NOAA/SWPC) sunspot number (accumulated daily sunspots / month days).
2B) Boulder SN current month average to date.
2C) STAR SDO 1K Wolf number 30 day average.
3) Running average based on the quicklook and definitive Potsdam WDC ap indices. Values in red
are based on the definitive international
GFZ Potsdam WDC ap indices.
4) Source: SIDC-SILSO.
This report has been prepared by Jan Alvestad. It is based on the analysis of data from whatever sources are available at the time the report is prepared. All time references are to Universal Time. Comments and suggestions are always welcome.
SDO images are courtesy of NASA/SDO and the AIA, EVE, and HMI science teams.
