The geomagnetic field was active to minor storm on September 5 under the influence of a high speed stream from CH1097. Solar wind speed at SOHO ranged between 518 and 693 km/sec. The high latitude magnetometer at Andenes recorded unsettled to major storm levels.
Solar flux density measured at 20h UT on 2.8 GHz was 130.2 - increasing 20.8 over the previous solar rotation. (Centered 1 year average SF at 1 AU - 183 days ago: 110.48). The Potsdam WDC planetary A index was 34 (STAR Ap - based on the mean of three hour interval ap indices: 34.1). Three hour interval K indices: 55454544 (planetary), 45553433 (Boulder), 65354556 (Andenes).
The background x-ray flux is at the class B9 level (GOES 16).
At the time of counting spots (see image time), spots were observed in 13 active regions using 2K resolution (SN: 218) and in 13 active regions using 1K resolution (SN: 179) SDO/HMI images.
Region 13089 [S22W83] rotated partly out of
view producing many C flares and one minor M class flare. C1 flares: C1.9 @
06:04, C1.6 @ 06:43, C1.6 @ 10:21, C1.6 @ 20:57, C1.8 @ 23:08 UT
Region 13092 [S10E14] produced a single C flare and was mostly
unchanged.
Region 13093 [S27E03] decayed slowly and quietly.
Region 13094 [N20E40] was quiet and stable.
New region 13095 [S13W42] emerged on September 4 and was numbered by
SWPC the next day.
Spotted regions not observed (or interpreted
differently) by SWPC:
S7822 [N21W34] decayed slowly and quietly.
S7831 [N28W07] was quiet and stable.
S7837 [N24W48] developed slowly and quietly.
S7838 [N17E21] was quiet and stable.
New region S7839 [S11E28] emerged with several spots to the east of
AR 13092.
New region S7840 [N16E42] emerged with several spots to the south of
AR 13094.
New region S7841 [N18E82] rotated into view with mature spots. C1
flare: C1.7 @ 13:52 UT
New region S7842 [S23E73] rotated into view with a small spot.
C2+ flares:
| Magnitude | Peak time (UT) | Location | Source | Recorded by | Comment |
| C2.0 | 00:37 | 13089 | GOES16 | ||
| C5.0/1F | 02:05 | S10E29 | 13092 | GOES16 | |
| C4.4 | 02:56 | 13089 | GOES16 | incorrectly attributed to AR 13092 by SWPC | |
| C2.4 | 03:26 | 13089 | GOES16 | ||
| C2.2 | 04:22 | 13089 | GOES16 | ||
| C6.5 | 04:46 | 13089 | GOES16 | ||
| C3.9 | 08:09 | S28W77 | 13089 | GOES16 | |
| C3.8 | 08:20 | 13089 | GOES16 | ||
| C4.0 | 08:58 | 13089 | GOES16 | incorrectly attributed to AR 13092 by SWPC | |
| C3.1 | 10:39 | 13089 | GOES16 | ||
| C4.1 | 11:07 | 13089 | GOES16 | incorrectly attributed to AR 13092 by SWPC | |
| C5.3 | 11:14 | 13089 | GOES16 | ||
| C4.7 | 17:22 | 13089 | GOES16 | ||
| M1.0 | 18:05 | 13089 | GOES16 | ||
| C2.9 | 20:02 | 13089 | GOES16 | ||
| C3.8 | 20:27 | 13089 | GOES16 |
September 3-5: No obviously Earth directed CMEs were observed.
[Coronal hole history (since October 2002)]
[Compare today's report to the situation one solar rotation ago:
28 days ago
27 days ago
26 days ago]
A large trans equatorial coronal hole (CH1097) was Earth facing on August 31 - September 3.
Long distance low and medium frequency (below 2 MHz) propagation along paths north of due west over upper middle and high latitudes is poor to very poor. Propagation on long distance northeast-southwest paths is poor to fair.
Quiet to active conditions are likely on September 6 due to effects from CH1097. Quiet to unsettled is expected on September 7-8.
| Coronal holes (1) | Coronal mass ejection (2) | M and X class flares (3) |
1) Effects from a coronal hole
could reach Earth within the next 5 days. When the high speed
stream has arrived the color changes to green.
2) Effects from a CME are likely to be observed at Earth within 96 hours.
3) There is a possibility of either M or X class flares within the next 48 hours.
Green: 0-30% probability, Yellow: 30-70% probability, Red: 70-100% probability.
(Click on image for 2K resolution).
4K resolution.
Compare to the previous day's image. 0.5K image
When available the active region map has a coronal hole polarity overlay where red (pink) is negative and blue is positive.
Data for all officially numbered solar regions according to the Solar Region Summary provided by NOAA/SWPC, all other regions are numbered sequentially as they emerge using the STAR spot number. Comments are my own, as is the STAR spot count (spots observed at or inside a few hours before midnight) and data for regions not numbered by SWPC or where SWPC has observed no spots. SWPC active region numbers in the table below and in the active region map above are the historic SWPC/USAF numbers. SWPC data considered to be not sufficiently precise (location, area, classification) are colored red.
| Active region | SWPC date numbered STAR detected |
Spot count | Location at midnight | Area | Classification | SDO / HMI 4K continuum image with magnetic polarity overlays |
Comment | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SWPC/ USAF |
Magnetic (SDO) |
SWPC | STAR | Current | Previous | ||||||
| 2K | 1K | ||||||||||
| 13089 | 2022.08.24 | 10 | 6 | 4 | S23W88 | 0520 | EKC | DKI |
 |
 |
location: S22W85 |
| S7816 | 2022.08.26 | S13W54 | |||||||||
| 13091 | 2022.08.28 2022.09.01 |
N14W74 | |||||||||
| S7822 | 2022.08.28 | 4 | 1 | N21W34 | 0006 | BXO |
 |
 |
|||
| S7823 | 2022.08.29 | N07W35 | |||||||||
| S7824 | 2022.08.29 | S12W55 | |||||||||
| S7825 | 2022.08.30 | S17W44 | |||||||||
| 13092 | 2022.08.31 2022.09.01 |
3 | 12 | 7 | S10E13 | 0120 | HSX | CSO |
 |
 |
|
| S7827 | 2022.08.31 | N26W09 | |||||||||
| 13093 | 2022.08.31 2022.09.02 |
4 | 9 | 4 | S27E04 | 0010 | BXO | DRO |
 |
 |
location: S27E03 |
| 13094 | 2022.09.02 2022.09.02 |
8 | 12 | 7 | N21E40 | 0110 | DSO | CSO |
 |
 |
|
| S7831 | 2022.09.02 | 3 | 1 | N28W07 | 0005 | AXX |
 |
 |
|||
| S7832 | 2022.09.02 | S30W04 | |||||||||
| S7833 | 2022.09.03 | N10W14 | |||||||||
| S7834 | 2022.09.03 | S21W05 |
 |
||||||||
| 13095 | 2022.09.04 2022.09.05 |
4 | 9 | 4 | S14W45 | 0020 | CRO | CRO |
 |
 |
location: S13W42 |
| S7837 | 2022.09.04 | 6 | 3 | N24W48 | 0020 | BXO |
 |
 |
|||
| S7838 | 2022.09.04 | 3 | 1 | N17E21 | 0005 | BXO |
 |
 |
|||
| S7839 | 2022.09.05 | 12 | 7 | S11E28 | 0030 | DRO |
 |
||||
| S7840 | 2022.09.05 | 9 | 8 | N16E42 | 0030 | DRO |
 |
||||
| S7841 | 2022.09.05 | 2 | 1 | N18E82 | 0050 | HSX |
 |
||||
| S7842 | 2022.09.05 | 1 | 1 | S23E73 | 0010 | HRX |
 |
||||
| Total spot count: | 29 | 88 | 49 | ||||||||
| Sunspot number: | 79 | 218 | 179 | (total spot count + 10 * number of spotted regions) | |||||||
| Weighted SN: | 50 | 128 | 89 | (Sum of total spot count + classification weighting for each AR. Classification weighting: X=0, R=3, A/S=5, H/K=10) | |||||||
| Relative sunspot number (Wolf number): | 87 | 120 | 143 | ||||||||
| Month | Average solar flux | International sunspot number (WDC-SILSO) |
Smoothed sunspot number (4) | Average ap (3) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Measured | 1 AU | ||||
| 2014.02 | 170.3 (cycle peak) |
166.3 | 146.1 (SC24 peak) | 110.5 | 10.70 |
| 2014.04 | 143.9 | 144.8 | 112.5 | 116.4 (solar max) | 7.88 |
| 2017.09 | 91.3 | 92.3 | 43.6 | 18.2 (-1.3) | 18.22 (cycle peak) |
| 2019.11 | 70.2 | 68.7 | 0.5 | 2.0 (-0.6) (Solar minimum using 365d smoothing: November 17, 2019) |
4.19 |
| 2019.12 | 70.8 | 68.6 | 1.6 | 1.8 (-0.2) (ISN 13 months smoothed solar minimum) |
3.22 |
| 2021.02 | 74.3 | 72.4 | 8.2 | 19.0 (+1.7) | 9.50 |
| 2021.03 | 76.0 | 75.2 | 17.2 | 21.7 (+2.7) | 10.17 |
| 2021.04 | 75.9 | 76.4 | 24.5 | 24.8 (+3.1) | 8.40 |
| 2021.05 | 75.3 | 77.1 | 21.2 | 25.8 (+1.0) | 6.50 |
| 2021.06 | 79.4 | 81.8 | 25.0 | 27.6 (+1.8) | 5.52 |
| 2021.07 | 81.0 | 83.6 | 34.3 | 31.4 (+3.8) | 5.51 |
| 2021.08 | 77.7 | 79.7 | 22.0 | 35.4 (+4.0) | 6.19 |
| 2021.09 | 87.0 | 88.2 | 51.3 | 40.2 (+4.8) | 6.33 |
| 2021.10 | 88.9 | 88.3 | 37.4 | 45.2 (+5.0) | 7.38 |
| 2021.11 | 86.2 | 84.4 | 34.8 | 50.8 (+5.6) | 9.83 |
| 2021.12 | 103.0 | 99.8 | 67.5 | 55.9 (+5.1) | 6.40 |
| 2022.01 | 103.8 | 100.5 | 55.3 | 60.1 (+4.2) | 8.92 |
| 2022.02 | 109.1 | 106.5 | 60.9 | 64.8 (+4.7) | 10.46 |
| 2022.03 | 117.0 | 115.8 | 78.6 | (68.7 projected, +3.9) | 10.20 |
| 2022.04 | 130.8 | 131.7 | 84.1 | (73.9 projected, +5.2) | 11.79 |
| 2022.05 | 133.8 | 136.8 | 96.5 | (80.3 projected, +6.4) | 7.48 |
| 2022.06 | 116.1 | 119.8 | 70.5 | (86.2 projected, +5.9) | 8.20 |
| 2022.07 | 125.4 | 129.5 | 91.4 | (93.4 projected, +7.2) | 9.51 |
| 2022.08 | 114.2 | 117.1 | 75.4 | (100.0 projected, +6.6) | 11.0 |
| 2022.09 | 125.6 (1) | 11.6 (2A) / 69.4 (2B) / 101.5 (2C) | (104.9 projected, +4.9) | (27.3) | |
| 2022.10 | (108.1 projected, +3.2) | ||||
| 2022.11 | (110.9 projected, +2.8) | ||||
| 2022.12 | (115.7 projected, +4.8) | ||||
| 2023.01 | (121.7 projected, +6.0) | ||||
| 2023.02 | (126.7 projected, +5.0) | ||||
| 2023.11 | (142.5 projected max SC25) | ||||
1) Running average based on the daily 20:00 UTC observed solar flux value at 2800 MHz
and any corrections applied to that measurement.
2A) Current impact on the monthly sunspot number based on the Boulder (NOAA/SWPC) sunspot number (accumulated daily sunspots / month days).
2B) Boulder SN current month average to date.
2C) STAR SDO 1K Wolf number 30 day average.
3) Running average based on the quicklook and definitive Potsdam WDC ap indices. Values in red
are based on the definitive international
GFZ Potsdam WDC ap indices.
4) Source: SIDC-SILSO.
This report has been prepared by Jan Alvestad. It is based on the analysis of data from whatever sources are available at the time the report is prepared. All time references are to Universal Time. Comments and suggestions are always welcome.
SDO images are courtesy of NASA/SDO and the AIA, EVE, and HMI science teams.
