The geomagnetic field was quiet to active on October 7 under the influence of coronal hole and CME effects. Solar wind speed at SOHO ranged between 466 and 611 km/sec. The high latitude magnetometer at Andenes recorded quiet to minor storm levels.
Solar flux density measured at 20h UT on 2.8 GHz was 159.7 - increasing 23.8 over the previous solar rotation. (Centered 1 year average SF at 1 AU - 183 days ago: 115.25). The Potsdam WDC planetary A index was 15 (STAR Ap - based on the mean of three hour interval ap indices: 15.3). Three hour interval K indices: 44333311 (planetary), 34333421 (Boulder), 54234320 (Andenes).
The background x-ray flux is at the class B7 level (GOES 16).
At the time of counting spots (see image time), spots were observed in 10 active regions using 2K resolution (SN: 276) and in 9 active regions using 1K resolution (SN: 190) SDO/HMI images.
Region 13111 [N28W59] developed slowly late in
the day when new flux emerged close to the leader spot.
Region 13112 [N20W17] decayed quickly and quietly. Note that SWPC
include the spots from AR S7901 in this region. SWPC split this region off
from what they now consider to be AR 13112 on October 7 and named the group
AR 13120.
Region 13115 [S17W52] decayed slowly and quietly.
Region 13116 [N30E02] produced the only M class flare of the day and
several small C flares while not changing significantly. There is minor
polarity intermixing near the center of the region. C1 flares: C1.2 @ 04:21,
C1.5 @ 22:05 UT
Region 13118 [N09E48] developed slowly and quietly.
New region 13119 [N28E34] emerged on October 6 and was numbered by
SWPC the next day.
Spotted regions not observed (or interpreted
differently) by SWPC:
S7901 [N23W02] decayed and produced several low level C
flares. The leading spot section is still magnetically complex with a magnetic delta.
There is minor polarity intermixing in the trailing spot section. A major flare is possible.
C1 flares: C1.2 @ 02:15, C1.5 @ 08:50, C1.4 @ 20:46 UT
S7902 [N27W02] decayed slowly and quietly.
S7912 [N21E24] was quiet and stable.
New region S7915 [N31E52] emerged with tiny spots.
C2+ flares:
| Magnitude | Peak time (UT) | Location | Source | Recorded by | Comment |
| C2.4 | 08:50 | S7901 | GOES16 | ||
| C3.3 | 11:48 | 13116 | GOES16 | ||
| C3.4 | 12:31 | S7901 | GOES16 | ||
| C4.5 | 14:02 | 13116 | GOES16 | ||
| M1.0/1F | 14:44 | N29E10 | 13116 | GOES16 | LDE |
| C4.2 | 18:59 | S7901 | GOES16 | ||
| C2.3 | 19:24 | 13119 | GOES16 |
October 5-7: No obvious CMEs were observed in available LASCO imagery.
[Coronal hole history (since October 2002)]
[Compare today's report to the situation one solar rotation ago:
28 days ago
27 days ago
26 days ago]
A trans equatorial coronal hole (CH1105) was Earth facing on October 5.
Long distance low and medium frequency (below 2 MHz) propagation along paths north of due west over upper middle and high latitudes is poor. Propagation on long distance northeast-southwest paths is poor.
Quiet to active conditions are expected on October 8-9 due to effects from CH1105. Quiet to unsettled is expected for October 10.
| Coronal holes (1) | Coronal mass ejection (2) | M and X class flares (3) |
1) Effects from a coronal hole
could reach Earth within the next 5 days. When the high speed
stream has arrived the color changes to green.
2) Effects from a CME are likely to be observed at Earth within 96 hours.
3) There is a possibility of either M or X class flares within the next 48 hours.
Green: 0-30% probability, Yellow: 30-70% probability, Red: 70-100% probability.
(Click on image for 2K resolution).
4K resolution.
Compare to the previous day's image. 0.5K image
When available the active region map has a coronal hole polarity overlay where red (pink) is negative and blue is positive.
Data for all officially numbered solar regions according to the Solar Region Summary provided by NOAA/SWPC, all other regions are numbered sequentially as they emerge using the STAR spot number. Comments are my own, as is the STAR spot count (spots observed at or inside a few hours before midnight) and data for regions not numbered by SWPC or where SWPC has observed no spots. SWPC active region numbers in the table below and in the active region map above are the historic SWPC/USAF numbers. SWPC data considered to be not sufficiently precise (location, area, classification) are colored red.
| Active region | SWPC date numbered STAR detected |
Spot count | Location at midnight | Area | Classification | SDO / HMI 4K continuum image with magnetic polarity overlays |
Comment | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SWPC/ USAF |
Magnetic (SDO) |
SWPC | STAR | Current | Previous | ||||||
| 2K | 1K | ||||||||||
| 13111 | 2022.09.26 2022.09.27 |
1 | 5 | 3 | N27W61 | 0040 | HSX | DAO |
 |
 |
location: N28W59 |
| 13114 | 2022.09.30 2022.10.01 |
S34W58 | location: S32W49 | ||||||||
| 13112 (13120) |
2022.09.30 2022.09.30 |
36 | 15 | 12 | N23W04 | 0550 | FKC | CRO |
 |
 |
area: 0030 location: N20W17 Keeping the original SWPC number for data integrity SWPC has split this off as AR 13120 |
| S7901 | 2022.09.30 | 70 | 39 | N23W02 | 0700 | FKC |
 |
 |
beta-gamma-delta SWPC has this as AR 13112 |
||
| S7902 | 2022.09.30 | 2 | N27W04 | 0003 | AXX |
 |
 |
||||
| S7903 | 2022.09.30 | S12W56 | |||||||||
| 13115 | 2022.10.01 2022.10.03 |
6 | 10 | 5 | S18W52 | 0030 | CAO | CRO |
 |
 |
area: 0080 location: S17W52 |
| 13116 | 2022.10.01 2022.10.03 |
11 | 34 | 18 | N29W00 | 0140 | DAI | EAI |
 |
 |
area: 0200 location: N30E02 |
| 13117 | 2022.10.02 2022.10.03 |
1 | S11W39 | 0010 | AXX |
 |
location: S10W36 spotless |
||||
| S7909 | 2022.10.05 | N13W24 | |||||||||
| 13118 | 2022.10.05 2022.10.06 |
3 | 11 | 6 | N09E46 | 0020 | BXO | DRI |
 |
 |
area: 0030 location: N09E48 |
| S7912 | 2022.10.05 | 3 | 1 | N21E24 | 0005 | BXO |
 |
 |
|||
| 13119 | 2022.10.06 2022.10.07 |
6 | 22 | 15 | N28E31 | 0030 | BXO | DRI |
 |
 |
area: 0070 location: N28E34 |
| S7914 | 2022.10.06 | S29W34 |
 |
||||||||
| S7915 | 2022.10.07 | 4 | 1 | N31E52 | 0007 | BXO |
 |
||||
| 13120 | 2022.10.07 | 2 | N20W20 | 0030 | HAX | see AR 13112 | |||||
| Total spot count: | 66 | 176 | 100 | ||||||||
| Sunspot number: | 146 | 276 | 190 | (total spot count + 10 * number of spotted regions) | |||||||
| Weighted SN: | 96 | 208 | 132 | (Sum of total spot count + classification weighting for each AR. Classification weighting: X=0, R=3, A/S=5, H/K=10) | |||||||
| Relative sunspot number (Wolf number): | 161 | 152 | 152 | ||||||||
| Month | Average solar flux | International sunspot number (WDC-SILSO) |
Smoothed sunspot number (4) | Average ap (3) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Measured | 1 AU | ||||
| 2014.02 | 170.3 (cycle peak) |
166.3 | 146.1 (SC24 peak) | 110.5 | 10.70 |
| 2014.04 | 143.9 | 144.8 | 112.5 | 116.4 (solar max) | 7.88 |
| 2017.09 | 91.3 | 92.3 | 43.6 | 18.2 (-1.3) | 18.22 (cycle peak) |
| 2019.11 | 70.2 | 68.7 | 0.5 | 2.0 (-0.6) (Solar minimum using 365d smoothing: November 17, 2019) |
4.19 |
| 2019.12 | 70.8 | 68.6 | 1.6 | 1.8 (-0.2) (ISN 13 months smoothed solar minimum) |
3.22 |
| 2021.03 | 76.0 | 75.2 | 17.2 | 21.7 (+2.7) | 10.17 |
| 2021.04 | 75.9 | 76.4 | 24.5 | 24.8 (+3.1) | 8.40 |
| 2021.05 | 75.3 | 77.1 | 21.2 | 25.8 (+1.0) | 6.50 |
| 2021.06 | 79.4 | 81.8 | 25.0 | 27.6 (+1.8) | 5.52 |
| 2021.07 | 81.0 | 83.6 | 34.3 | 31.4 (+3.8) | 5.51 |
| 2021.08 | 77.7 | 79.7 | 22.0 | 35.4 (+4.0) | 6.19 |
| 2021.09 | 87.0 | 88.2 | 51.3 | 40.2 (+4.8) | 6.33 |
| 2021.10 | 88.9 | 88.3 | 37.4 | 45.2 (+5.0) | 7.38 |
| 2021.11 | 86.2 | 84.4 | 34.8 | 50.8 (+5.6) | 9.83 |
| 2021.12 | 103.0 | 99.8 | 67.5 | 55.9 (+5.1) | 6.40 |
| 2022.01 | 103.8 | 100.5 | 55.3 | 60.1 (+4.2) | 8.92 |
| 2022.02 | 109.1 | 106.5 | 60.9 | 64.8 (+4.7) | 10.46 |
| 2022.03 | 117.0 | 115.8 | 78.6 | 68.9 (+4.1) | 10.20 |
| 2022.04 | 130.8 | 131.7 | 84.0 | (74.2 projected, +5.3) | 11.79 |
| 2022.05 | 133.8 | 136.8 | 96.5 | (80.6 projected, +6.4) | 7.48 |
| 2022.06 | 116.1 | 119.8 | 70.3 | (86.5 projected, +5.9) | 8.20 |
| 2022.07 | 125.4 | 129.5 | 91.4 | (93.7 projected, +7.2) | 9.51 |
| 2022.08 | 114.2 | 117.1 | 75.4 | (100.2 projected, +6.5) | 10.92 |
| 2022.09 | 135.1 | 136.5 | 96.3 | (105.2 projected, +5.0) | 12.2 |
| 2022.10 | 155.1 (1) | 30.2 (2A) / 133.6 (2B) / 118.2 (2C) | (108.3 projected, +3.1) | (14.4) | |
| 2022.11 | (111.2 projected, +2.9) | ||||
| 2022.12 | (115.9 projected, +4.7) | ||||
| 2023.01 | (122.0 projected, +6.1) | ||||
| 2023.02 | (127.0 projected, +5.0) | ||||
| 2023.03 | (130.0 projected, +3.0) | ||||
| 2023.11 | (142.5 projected max SC25) | ||||
1) Running average based on the daily 20:00 UTC observed solar flux value at 2800 MHz
and any corrections applied to that measurement.
2A) Current impact on the monthly sunspot number based on the Boulder (NOAA/SWPC) sunspot number (accumulated daily sunspots / month days).
2B) Boulder SN current month average to date.
2C) STAR SDO 1K Wolf number 30 day average.
3) Running average based on the quicklook and definitive Potsdam WDC ap indices. Values in red
are based on the definitive international
GFZ Potsdam WDC ap indices.
4) Source: SIDC-SILSO.
This report has been prepared by Jan Alvestad. It is based on the analysis of data from whatever sources are available at the time the report is prepared. All time references are to Universal Time. Comments and suggestions are always welcome.
SDO images are courtesy of NASA/SDO and the AIA, EVE, and HMI science teams.
