The geomagnetic field was quiet on April 22. The high latitude magnetometer at Andenes recorded quiet to unsettled levels.
Solar flux density measured at 20h UT on 2.8 GHz was 162.5 - increasing 43.8 over the previous solar rotation. (Centered 1 year average SF at 1 AU - 183 days ago: 93.21). The Potsdam WDC planetary A index was 6 (STAR Ap - based on the mean of three hour interval ap indices: 5.8). Three hour interval K indices: 12121221 (planetary), 13122322 (Boulder), 32122333 (Andenes).
The background x-ray flux is at the class B8 level (GOES 16).
At the time of counting spots (see image time), spots were observed in 12 active regions using 2K resolution (SN: 284) and in 8 active regions using 1K resolution (SN: 153) SDO/HMI images.
Region 12991 [S23W34] was quiet and stable.
Region 12993 [N20W03] decayed slowly and became less active
after the M3 flare after noon. C1 flares: C1.1 @ 08:23, C1.6 @ 16:34, C1.4 @
22:46 UT
Region 12994 [N13E01] was mostly quiet and stable. C1 flares: C1.2 @
20:28 UT (uncertain as there was simultaneous activity in a region at the
southeast limb).
Region 12995 [N13E29] was quiet and stable.
Region 12996 [N23E42] was mostly quiet and stable. C1 flares: C1.1 @
11:40 UT
Spotted regions not observed (or interpreted
differently) by SWPC:
S7505 [S15W14] was quiet and stable.
S7510 [N25E61] was quiet and stable.
New region S7511 [N11E75] rotated into view with tiny spots.
New region S7512 [N38E24] emerged at a high latitude with tiny spots.
New region S7513 [S20E11] was observed with tiny spots in an
old plage area.
New region S7514 [S15W14] emerged with a tiny spot.
New region S7515 [S20E41] was observed with tiny spots in an old
plage area.
C2+ flares:
| Magnitude | Peak time (UT) | Location | Source | Recorded by | Comment |
| C7.6 | 04:01 | 12993 | GOES16 | LDE | |
| M1.1 | 05:14 | 12993 | GOES16 | ||
| C3.5 | 12:29 | behind southeast limb | GOES16 | ||
| M3.4/2B | 13:25 | N22W01 | 12993 | GOES16 | |
| C3.6 | 13:45 | 12993 | GOES16 | ||
| C2.0 | 15:08 | N22W01 | 12993 | GOES16 | |
| C2.4 | 22:07 | 12993 | GOES16 |
April 20, 22: No obviously Earth directed CMEs
were observed in available LASCO imagery.
April 21: The CME observed after the M9.6 flare in AR 12993 early in
the day had a narrow core. LASCO imagery is not conclusive with regards to
faint, slow moving components of the CME in other directions than towards
the northeast. If there is any impact from this CME it will likely not be
very significant.
[Coronal hole history (since October 2002)]
[Compare today's report to the situation one solar rotation ago:
28 days ago
27 days ago
26 days ago]
A northern hemisphere coronal hole (CH1075) rotated across the central meridian on April 20-21. A recurrent southern hemisphere coronal hole (CH1076) will likely be Earth facing on April 26-27.
Long distance low and medium frequency (below 2 MHz) propagation along paths north of due west over upper middle and high latitudes is poor. Propagation on long distance northeast-southwest paths is poor.
Quiet to active conditions are likely on April 23-25 due to effects from CH1075, isolated minor storm intervals are possible on April 23-24.
| Coronal holes (1) | Coronal mass ejection (2) | M and X class flares (3) |
1) Effects from a coronal hole
could reach Earth within the next 5 days. When the high speed
stream has arrived the color changes to green.
2) Effects from a CME are likely to be observed at Earth within 96 hours.
3) There is a possibility of either M or X class flares within the next 48 hours.
Green: 0-30% probability, Yellow: 30-70% probability, Red: 70-100% probability.
(Click on image for 2K resolution).
4K resolution.
Compare to the previous day's image. 0.5K image
When available the active region map has a coronal hole polarity overlay where red (pink) is negative and blue is positive.
Data for all officially numbered solar regions according to the Solar Region Summary provided by NOAA/SWPC, all other regions are numbered sequentially as they emerge using the STAR spot number. Comments are my own, as is the STAR spot count (spots observed at or inside a few hours before midnight) and data for regions not numbered by SWPC or where SWPC has observed no spots. SWPC active region numbers in the table below and in the active region map above are the historic SWPC/USAF numbers. SWPC data considered to be not sufficiently precise (location, area, classification) are colored red.
| Active region | SWPC date numbered STAR detected |
Spot count | Location at midnight | Area | Classification | SDO / HMI 4K continuum image with magnetic polarity overlays |
Comment | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SWPC/ USAF |
Magnetic (SDO) |
SWPC | STAR | Current | Previous | ||||||
| 2K | 1K | ||||||||||
| 12989 | 2022.04.12 2022.04.12 |
N18W63 | location: N20W54 | ||||||||
| 12991 | 2022.04.13 2022.04.14 |
5 | 17 | 5 | S22W33 | 0030 | CRO | DRO |
 |
 |
location: S23W34 |
| 12990 | 2022.04.13 | N16W87 | location: N16W60 | ||||||||
| 12993 | 2022.04.16 2022.04.16 |
18 | 44 | 23 | N19W04 | 0500 | EKC | DKC |
 |
|
beta-gamma location: N20W03 |
| 12994 | 2022.04.16 2022.04.16 |
19 | 50 | 27 | N14W00 | 0700 | EKI | EKI |
 |
 |
location: N13E01 beta-gamma |
| S7502 | 2022.04.16 | S22W40 | |||||||||
| S7505 | 2022.04.17 | 5 | S15W14 | 0008 | BXO |
 |
 |
||||
| 12995 | 2022.04.18 2022.04.19 |
5 | 19 | 7 | N14E29 | 0270 | CHO | EHO |
 |
 |
area: 0340 location: N13E29 |
| 12996 | 2022.04.19 2022.04.20 |
4 | 7 | 3 | N25E40 | 0090 | CAO | CAO |
 |
 |
location: N23E42 |
| S7508 | 2022.04.20 | N06W51 | likely SC 24 group | ||||||||
| S7509 | 2022.04.21 | S21W56 |
 |
||||||||
| S7510 | 2022.04.21 | 5 | 3 | N25E61 | 0015 | CRO |
 |
 |
|||
| S7511 | 2022.04.22 | 10 | 4 | N11E75 | 0030 | BXO |
 |
||||
| S7512 | 2022.04.22 | 2 | 1 | N38E24 | 0006 | BXO |
 |
||||
| S7513 | 2022.04.22 | 2 | S20E11 | 0004 | BXO |
 |
|||||
| S7514 | 2022.04.22 | 1 | S15E22 | 0001 | AXX |
 |
|||||
| S7515 | 2022.04.22 | 2 | S20E41 | 0002 | AXX |
 |
|||||
| Total spot count: | 51 | 164 | 73 | ||||||||
| Sunspot number: | 101 | 284 | 153 | (total spot count + 10 * number of spotted regions) | |||||||
| Weighted SN: | 89 | 205 | 114 | (Sum of total spot count + classification weighting for each AR. Classification weighting: X=0, R=3, A/S=5, H/K=10) | |||||||
| Relative sunspot number (Wolf number): | 111 | 156 | 122 | ||||||||
| Month | Average solar flux | International sunspot number (WDC-SILSO) |
Smoothed sunspot number (4) | Average ap (3) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Measured | 1 AU | ||||
| 2014.02 | 170.3 (cycle peak) |
166.3 | 146.1 (SC24 peak) | 110.5 | 10.70 |
| 2014.04 | 143.9 | 144.8 | 112.5 | 116.4 (solar max) | 7.88 |
| 2017.09 | 91.3 | 92.3 | 43.6 | 18.2 (-1.3) | 18.22 (cycle peak) |
| 2019.11 | 70.2 | 68.7 | 0.5 | 2.0 (-0.6) (Solar minimum using 365d smoothing: November 17, 2019) |
4.19 |
| 2019.12 | 70.8 | 68.6 | 1.6 | 1.8 (-0.2) (ISN 13 months smoothed solar minimum) |
3.22 |
| 2020.08 | 71.6 | 73.4 | 7.5 | 9.5 (+0.5) | 5.68 |
| 2020.09 | 70.7 | 71.4 | 0.7 | 10.5 (+1.0) | 8.59 |
| 2020.10 | 74.6 | 74.2 | 14.6 | 11.9 (+1.4) | 6.13 |
| 2020.11 | 89.9 | 88.0 | 34.5 | 13.6 (+1.7) | 4.77 |
| 2020.12 | 86.9 | 84.2 | 23.1 | 15.3 (+1.7) | 4.72 |
| 2021.01 | 76.0 | 73.6 | 10.4 | 17.3 (+2.0) | 4.39 |
| 2021.02 | 74.3 | 72.4 | 8.2 | 19.0 (+1.7) | 9.50 |
| 2021.03 | 76.0 | 75.2 | 17.2 | 21.7 (+2.7) | 10.17 |
| 2021.04 | 75.9 | 76.4 | 24.5 | 24.8 (+3.1) | 8.40 |
| 2021.05 | 75.3 | 77.1 | 21.2 | 25.8 (+1.0) | 6.50 |
| 2021.06 | 79.4 | 81.8 | 25.0 | 27.7 (+1.9) | 5.52 |
| 2021.07 | 81.0 | 83.6 | 34.3 | 31.4 (+3.7) | 5.51 |
| 2021.08 | 77.7 | 79.7 | 22.0 | 35.3 (+3.9) | 6.19 |
| 2021.09 | 87.0 | 88.2 | 51.3 | 40.0 (+4.7) | 6.33 |
| 2021.10 | 88.9 | 88.3 | 38.1 | (44.9 projected, +4.9) | 7.38 |
| 2021.11 | 86.2 | 84.4 | 35.0 | (50.5 projected, +5.6) | 9.83 |
| 2021.12 | 103.0 | 99.8 | 67.6 | (56.4 projected, +5.9) | 6.40 |
| 2022.01 | 103.8 | 100.5 | 54.0 | (60.0 projected, +3.6) | 8.92 |
| 2022.02 | 109.1 | 106.5 | 59.7 | (64.8 projected, +4.8) | 10.46 |
| 2022.03 | 117.0 | 115.8 | 78.3 | (70.2 projected, +5.4) | 10.20 |
| 2022.04 | 126.5 (1) | 49.3 (2A) / 67.3 (2B) / 93.0 (2C) | (75.4 projected, +5.2) | (12.5) | |
| 2022.05 | (81.8 projected, +6.4) | ||||
| 2022.06 | (87.7 projected, +5.9) | ||||
| 2022.07 | (94.9 projected, +7.2) | ||||
| 2022.08 | (101.6 projected, +6.7) | ||||
| 2022.09 | (106.6 projected, +5.0) | ||||
1) Running average based on the daily 20:00 UTC observed solar flux value at 2800 MHz
and any corrections applied to that measurement.
2A) Current impact on the monthly sunspot number based on the Boulder (NOAA/SWPC) sunspot number (accumulated daily sunspots / month days).
2B) Boulder SN current month average to date.
2C) STAR SDO 1K Wolf number 30 day average.
3) Running average based on the quicklook and definitive Potsdam WDC ap indices. Values in red
are based on the definitive international
GFZ Potsdam WDC ap indices.
4) Source: SIDC-SILSO.
This report has been prepared by Jan Alvestad. It is based on the analysis of data from whatever sources are available at the time the report is prepared. All time references are to Universal Time. Comments and suggestions are always welcome.
SDO images are courtesy of NASA/SDO and the AIA, EVE, and HMI science teams.
