The geomagnetic field was unsettled to major storm on April 14 due to a direct hit from the April 11 CME. The high latitude magnetometer at Andenes recorded unsettled to severe storm levels.
Solar flux density measured at 20h UT on 2.8 GHz was 103.4 - increasing 5.6 over the previous solar rotation. (Centered 1 year average SF at 1 AU - 183 days ago: 91.76). The Potsdam WDC planetary A index was 39 (STAR Ap - based on the mean of three hour interval ap indices: 38.6). Three hour interval K indices: 34454664 (planetary), 33544543 (Boulder), 45535765 (Andenes).
The background x-ray flux is at the class B8 level (GOES 16).
At the time of counting spots (see image time), spots were observed in 9 active regions using 2K resolution (SN: 125) and in 4 active regions using 1K resolution (SN: 54) SDO/HMI images.
Region 12987 [S32W31] developed slowly and
quietly.
Region 12989 [N18E45] decayed slowly and quietly.
Region 12990 [N15E33] developed further and was quiet.
New region 12991 [S24E65] rotated into view on April 13 and was
numbered the next day by SWPC.
Spotted regions not observed (or interpreted
differently) by SWPC:
S7483 [S13W45] was quiet and stable.
S7488 [S13E13] was quiet and stable.
New region S7494 [S15W05] emerged with a tiny spot.
New region S7495 [N05E43] emerged with tiny spot and is likely
an SC24 group.
New region S7496 [S27E45] was observed with a tiny spot in an old
plage area.
One or two very active regions are approaching the northeast limb and causing a significant increase in the background x-ray flux. Major flares are possible. C1 flares: C1.3 very long duration event peaking at 13:22, C1.1 a 23:30 UT. A C4.4 flare was recorded at 03:06 on April 15.
C2+ flares:
| Magnitude | Peak time (UT) | Location | Source | Recorded by | Comment |
April 12-14: No obviously Earth directed CMEs were observed in available LASCO imagery.
[Coronal hole history (since October 2002)]
[Compare today's report to the situation one solar rotation ago:
28 days ago
27 days ago
26 days ago]
A trans equatorial coronal hole (CH1073) rotated across the central meridian on April 12-13. A northern hemisphere coronal hole (CH1074) will be Earth facing on April 14-15.
Long distance low and medium frequency (below 2 MHz) propagation along paths north of due west over upper middle and high latitudes is poor. Propagation on long distance northeast-southwest paths is poor.
Quiet to minor storm conditions are likely on April 15 due to the April 11 CME. A high speed stream associated with CH1073 could cause quiet to minor storm conditions from late on April 15 until April 17 while CH1074 could cause quiet to active conditions on April 18.
| Coronal holes (1) | Coronal mass ejection (2) | M and X class flares (3) |
1) Effects from a coronal hole
could reach Earth within the next 5 days. When the high speed
stream has arrived the color changes to green.
2) Effects from a CME are likely to be observed at Earth within 96 hours.
3) There is a possibility of either M or X class flares within the next 48 hours.
Green: 0-30% probability, Yellow: 30-70% probability, Red: 70-100% probability.
(Click on image for 2K resolution).
4K resolution.
Compare to the previous day's image. 0.5K image
When available the active region map has a coronal hole polarity overlay where red (pink) is negative and blue is positive.
Data for all officially numbered solar regions according to the Solar Region Summary provided by NOAA/SWPC, all other regions are numbered sequentially as they emerge using the STAR spot number. Comments are my own, as is the STAR spot count (spots observed at or inside a few hours before midnight) and data for regions not numbered by SWPC or where SWPC has observed no spots. SWPC active region numbers in the table below and in the active region map above are the historic SWPC/USAF numbers. SWPC data considered to be not sufficiently precise (location, area, classification) are colored red.
| Active region | SWPC date numbered STAR detected |
Spot count | Location at midnight | Area | Classification | SDO / HMI 4K continuum image with magnetic polarity overlays |
Comment | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SWPC/ USAF |
Magnetic (SDO) |
SWPC | STAR | Current | Previous | ||||||
| 2K | 1K | ||||||||||
| 12985 | 2022.04.02 2022.04.03 |
S20W79 |
location: S22W75 |
||||||||
| 12987 | 2022.04.04 2022.04.07 |
7 | 5 | S31W48 | 0030 | CRO |
 |
 |
location: S32W31 | ||
| S7481 | 2022.04.06 | S25W35 | |||||||||
| S7483 | 2022.04.06 | 3 | S13W45 | 0003 | BXO |
 |
 |
||||
| S7484 | 2022.04.07 | N25W49 | |||||||||
| 12988 | 2022.04.10 2022.04.11 |
N14E08 |
 |
location: N16E13 |
|||||||
| S7488 | 2022.04.10 | 3 | S13E13 | 0005 | BXO |
 |
 |
||||
| S7489 | 2022.04.11 | N35W27 | |||||||||
| 12989 | 2022.04.12 2022.04.12 |
1 | 4 | 1 | N18E45 | 0020 | HRX | CRO |
 |
 |
|
| S7491 | 2022.04.12 | N10W55 | |||||||||
| S7492 | 2022.04.12 | S29W21 |
 |
||||||||
| 12991 | 2022.04.13 2022.04.14 |
1 | 3 | 2 | S24E63 | 0060 | HSX | CSO |
 |
 |
|
| 12990 | 2022.04.13 | 5 | 12 | 6 | N16E32 | 0040 | DAO | DRI |
 |
 |
area: 0080 |
| S7494 | 2022.04.14 | 1 | S15W05 | 0001 | AXX |
 |
|||||
| S7495 | 2022.04.14 | 1 | N05E43 | 0001 | AXX |
 |
|||||
| S7496 | 2022.04.14 | 1 | S27E45 | 0001 | AXX |
 |
|||||
| Total spot count: | 7 | 35 | 14 | ||||||||
| Sunspot number: | 37 | 125 | 54 | (total spot count + 10 * number of spotted regions) | |||||||
| Weighted SN: | 20 | 49 | 28 | (Sum of total spot count + classification weighting for each AR. Classification weighting: X=0, R=3, A/S=5, H/K=10) | |||||||
| Relative sunspot number (Wolf number): | 41 | 69 | 43 | ||||||||
| Month | Average solar flux | International sunspot number (WDC-SILSO) |
Smoothed sunspot number (4) | Average ap (3) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Measured | 1 AU | ||||
| 2014.02 | 170.3 (cycle peak) |
166.3 | 146.1 (SC24 peak) | 110.5 | 10.70 |
| 2014.04 | 143.9 | 144.8 | 112.5 | 116.4 (solar max) | 7.88 |
| 2017.09 | 91.3 | 92.3 | 43.6 | 18.2 (-1.3) | 18.22 (cycle peak) |
| 2019.11 | 70.2 | 68.7 | 0.5 | 2.0 (-0.6) (Solar minimum using 365d smoothing: November 17, 2019) |
4.19 |
| 2019.12 | 70.8 | 68.6 | 1.6 | 1.8 (-0.2) (ISN 13 months smoothed solar minimum) |
3.22 |
| 2020.08 | 71.6 | 73.4 | 7.5 | 9.5 (+0.5) | 5.68 |
| 2020.09 | 70.7 | 71.4 | 0.7 | 10.5 (+1.0) | 8.59 |
| 2020.10 | 74.6 | 74.2 | 14.6 | 11.9 (+1.4) | 6.13 |
| 2020.11 | 89.9 | 88.0 | 34.5 | 13.6 (+1.7) | 4.77 |
| 2020.12 | 86.9 | 84.2 | 23.1 | 15.3 (+1.7) | 4.72 |
| 2021.01 | 76.0 | 73.6 | 10.4 | 17.3 (+2.0) | 4.39 |
| 2021.02 | 74.3 | 72.4 | 8.2 | 19.0 (+1.7) | 9.50 |
| 2021.03 | 76.0 | 75.2 | 17.2 | 21.7 (+2.7) | 10.17 |
| 2021.04 | 75.9 | 76.4 | 24.5 | 24.8 (+3.1) | 8.40 |
| 2021.05 | 75.3 | 77.1 | 21.2 | 25.8 (+1.0) | 6.50 |
| 2021.06 | 79.4 | 81.8 | 25.0 | 27.7 (+1.9) | 5.52 |
| 2021.07 | 81.0 | 83.6 | 34.3 | 31.4 (+3.7) | 5.51 |
| 2021.08 | 77.7 | 79.7 | 22.0 | 35.3 (+3.9) | 6.19 |
| 2021.09 | 87.0 | 88.2 | 51.3 | 40.0 (+4.7) | 6.33 |
| 2021.10 | 88.9 | 88.3 | 38.1 | (44.9 projected, +4.9) | 7.38 |
| 2021.11 | 86.2 | 84.4 | 35.0 | (50.5 projected, +5.6) | 9.83 |
| 2021.12 | 103.0 | 99.8 | 67.6 | (56.4 projected, +5.9) | 6.40 |
| 2022.01 | 103.8 | 100.5 | 54.0 | (60.0 projected, +3.6) | 8.92 |
| 2022.02 | 109.1 | 106.5 | 59.7 | (64.8 projected, +4.8) | 10.46 |
| 2022.03 | 117.0 | 115.8 | 78.3 | (70.2 projected, +5.4) | 10.20 |
| 2022.04 | 115.9 (1) | 28.2 (2A) / 60.4 (2B) / 84.3 (2C) | (75.4 projected, +5.2) | (14.0) | |
| 2022.05 | (81.8 projected, +6.4) | ||||
| 2022.06 | (87.7 projected, +5.9) | ||||
| 2022.07 | (94.9 projected, +7.2) | ||||
| 2022.08 | (101.6 projected, +6.7) | ||||
| 2022.09 | (106.6 projected, +5.0) | ||||
1) Running average based on the daily 20:00 UTC observed solar flux value at 2800 MHz
and any corrections applied to that measurement.
2A) Current impact on the monthly sunspot number based on the Boulder (NOAA/SWPC) sunspot number (accumulated daily sunspots / month days).
2B) Boulder SN current month average to date.
2C) STAR SDO 1K Wolf number 30 day average.
3) Running average based on the quicklook and definitive Potsdam WDC ap indices. Values in red
are based on the definitive international
GFZ Potsdam WDC ap indices.
4) Source: SIDC-SILSO.
This report has been prepared by Jan Alvestad. It is based on the analysis of data from whatever sources are available at the time the report is prepared. All time references are to Universal Time. Comments and suggestions are always welcome.
SDO images are courtesy of NASA/SDO and the AIA, EVE, and HMI science teams.
