Solar Terrestrial Activity Report

Activity chart

Last major update issued on May 28, 2016 at 05:10 UT.

Charts (* = updated daily Data and archive
  Solar wind (*) Solar and geomagnetic data - last month (*)
  Electron fluence (*) Archived daily reports and monthly data from 2003.01 (May 1, 2016)
Solar cycle Solar cycles 23-24 (May 1, 2016) Historical solar and geomagnetic data charts 1954-2006 (April 5, 2007)
  Cycle 24 progress (May 1, 2016) Noon SDO sunspot count 1K / 4K (*)
  Solar cycles 1-24 (July 17, 2015) POES auroral activity level October 2009 - December 2012
  Comparison of cycles 21, 22, 23 and 24 (May 1, 2016) 3rd SSN Workshop, Tucson, 2013
  Comparison of cycles 12, 13, 14, 16 and 24 (May 1, 2016) 4th SSN Workshop, Locarno, 2014
  Solar polar fields vs. solar cycles (May 20, 2016)  

Recent activity

The geomagnetic field was quiet to unsettled on May 28, first due to a solar sector boundary crossing, then late in the day due to effects from CH737. Solar wind speed at SOHO ranged between 349 and 538 km/s.

Solar flux at 20h UTC on 2.8 GHz was 90.4 (decreasing 3.6 over the last solar rotation). The 90 day 10.7 flux at 1 AU was 93.2. The Potsdam WDC planetary A index was 9 (STAR Ap - based on the mean of three hour interval ap indices: 9.0). Three hour interval K indices: 32122233 (planetary), 33223323 (Boulder).

The background x-ray flux is at the class B1 level.

At the time of counting spots (see image time), spots were observed in 6 active regions using 2K resolution (SN: 93) and 5 active regions using 1K resolution (SN: 70) SDO images on the visible solar disk.

Region 12548 [N14W50] decayed slowly and quietly.

Spotted regions not numbered (or interpreted differently) by SWPC:
S5297 [S15E32] developed slowly and quietly.
S5298 [N11W72] decayed slowly and quietly.
New region S5300 [S01E31] emerged with tiny spots.
New region S5301 [S06W08] emerged with a tiny spot.
New region S5302 [N14E01] emerged with tiny spots.

C2+ flares:

Magnitude Peak time (UT) Location AR Recorded by Comment
           

Flare activity (SDO/EVE/ESP XRS-B proxy)

Coronal mass ejections (CMEs)

May 25-27: No obviously Earth directed CMEs were observed in available LASCO imagery.

Coronal holes

[Coronal hole history (since October 2002)]
[Compare today's report to the situation one solar rotation ago: 28 days ago 27 days ago 26 days ago]

A recurrent northern hemisphere coronal hole (CH737) rotated across the central meridian on May 25-26.

Propagation

Long distance low and medium frequency (below 2 MHz) propagation along paths north of due west over upper middle latitudes is poor. Propagation on long distance northeast-southwest paths is poor to fair.

Forecast

The geomagnetic field is expected to be quiet to unsettled on May 28-29 due to effects from CH737. Quiet conditions are likely on May 30.

Coronal holes (1) Coronal mass ejection (2) M and X class flares (3)
     

1) Effects from a coronal hole could reach Earth within the next 5 days. When the high speed stream has arrived the color changes to green.
2) Effects from a CME are likely to be observed at Earth within 96 hours.
3) There is a possibility of either M or X class flares within the next 48 hours.

Green: 0-30% probability, Yellow: 30-70% probability, Red: 70-100% probability.

Active solar regions


(Click on image for 2K resolution). 4K resolution. Compare to the previous day's image.
0.5K image

When available the active region map has a coronal hole polarity overlay where red (pink) is negative and blue is positive.

Data for all numbered solar regions according to the Solar Region Summary provided by NOAA/SWPC. Comments are my own, as is the STAR spot count (spots observed at or inside a few hours before midnight) and data for regions not numbered by SWPC or where SWPC has observed no spots. SWPC active region numbers in the table below and in the active region map above are the historic SWPC/USAF numbers.

Active region Date numbered
detected
Spot count Location at midnight Area Classification SDO / HMI 4K continuum
image with magnetic polarity overlays
Comment
SWPC Magnetic
(SDO)
SWPC STAR Current Previous
2K 1K
12548 2016.05.23
2016.05.24
9 19 11 N13W49 0130 DSI CSI  
S5294 2016.05.24       N07W42            
S5296 2016.05.26       N05W06            
S5297 2016.05.26   8 5 S15E32 0020 DRO DRI  
S5298 2016.05.26   1   N11W72 0001   AXX    
S5300 2016.05.27   2 2 S01E31 0006   AXX    
S5301 2016.05.27   1 1 S06W21 0004   AXX    
S5302 2016.05.27   2 1 N14W12 0005   AXX    
Total spot count: 9 33 20  
Sunspot number: 14 93 70  (total spot count + 10 * number of spotted regions)
Weighted SN: 14 41 28  (Sum of total spot count + classification weighting for each AR. Classification weighting: X=0, R=3, A/S=5, H/K=10)
Relative sunspot number (Wolf number): 15 51 56 k * (sunspot number)
As of May 7, 2016: k = 1.1 for SWPC, k = 0.55 for MSN 2K, k = 0.80 for MSN 1K (MSN=Magnetic Sunspot Number)

Monthly solar cycle data

Month Average solar flux International sunspot number
(WDC-SILSO) (4)
Smoothed sunspot number (4) Average ap
(3)
Measured 1 AU
2014.02 170.3
(cycle peak)
166.3 146.1 (cycle peak) 110.5 (+1.2) 10.70
2014.04 143.9 144.8 112.5 116.4 (+2.1) (solar max) 7.88
2015.03 125.9 124.6 54.5 82.2 (-3.9) 16.14
2015.04 128.8 129.7 75.3 78.9 (-3.3) 10.73
2015.05 120.0 122.6 88.8 76.1 (-2.8) 8.29
2015.06 122.3 126.1 66.5 72.1 (-4.0) 13.15
2015.07 107.0 110.8 66.4 68.3 (-3.8) 8.83
2015.08 105.4 108.0 64.6 66.4 (-1.9) 14.58
2015.09 101.7 102.7 78.1 66.0 (-0.4) 15.78
2015.10 104.1 103.3 61.7 64.4 (-1.6) 14.02
2015.11 109.3 106.9 63.2 (61.2 projected, -3.2) 12.09
2015.12 113.1 109.5 57.7 (58.8 projected, -2.4) 14.29
2016.01 103.4 100.1 56.6 (57.1 projected, -1.7) 9.4
2016.02 103.6 101.0 57.2 (54.8 projected, -2.3) 9.9
2016.03 91.5 90.6 54.9 (51.9 projected, -2.9) 10.58
2016.04 93.3 94.0 38.0 (49.1 projected, -2.8) 9.03
2016.05 (93.9)   45.0 (2A) / 49.8 (2B) / 56.4 (2C) (47.2 projected, -1.9) (11.6)

1) Running average based on the daily 20:00 UTC observed solar flux value at 2800 MHz.
2A) Current impact on the monthly sunspot number based on the Boulder (NOAA/SWPC) sunspot number (accumulated daily sunspots / month days).
2B) Boulder SN current month average to date.
2C) STAR SDO 1K Wolf number 30 day average.
3) Running average based on the quicklook and definitive Potsdam WDC ap indices. Values in red are based on the definitive international GFZ Potsdam WDC ap indices.
4) Updated to new data set from WDC-SILSO on July 1, 2015

This report has been prepared by Jan Alvestad. It is based on the analysis of data from whatever sources are available at the time the report is prepared. All time references are to Universal Time. Comments and suggestions are always welcome.

SDO images are courtesy of NASA/SDO and the AIA, EVE, and HMI science teams.