Last major update issued on December 29, 2014 at 05:40 UTC.
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[Graphical comparison of cycles 21, 22, 23 and 24 (last
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[Historical solar and geomagnetic data charts 1954-2006
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December 3, 2014)]
[Noon SDO sunspot count 1K Reference: 4K (large file) (updated daily)]
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December 27, 2014]
[Presentations:
3rd
SSN Workshop, Tucson, 2013 (pdf)
/
4th SSN Workshop, Locarno, 2014]
The geomagnetic field was quiet to active on December 28. Solar wind speed at SOHO ranged between 350 and 447 km/s. A weak disturbance started after noon and cause an isolated active interval 18-21 UTC.
Solar flux at 20h UTC on 2.8 GHz was 132.6 (decreasing 35.5 over the last solar rotation). The 90 day 10.7 flux at 1 AU was 153.7. The Potsdam WDC planetary A index was 8 (STAR Ap - based on the mean of three hour interval ap indices: 7.8). Three hour interval K indices: 211111242 (planetary), 12222342 (Boulder).
The background x-ray flux is at the class B5 level.
At the time of counting spots (see image time), spots were observed in 11 active regions using 2K resolution (SN: 206) and 10 active regions using 1K resolution (SN: 150) SDO images on the visible solar disk.
Region 12245 [N09W31] was quiet and stable.
Region 12246 [N17W15] was quiet and stable.
Region 12247 [S25W04] decayed slowly and quietly.
Region 12248 [S21E12] was mostly unchanged and produced a few C flares.
Region 12249 [S12W72] decayed slowly and quietly.
Region 12250 [N07W56] decayed slowly and quietly.
Region 12251 [S12E48] developed with several new spots emerging.
Region 12252 [S20E65] was quiet and stable.
Spotted regions not numbered (or interpreted differently) by SWPC:
S4100 [S27W34] was quiet and stable.
S4103 [N05E02] developed slowly and quietly.
S4105 [S09E08] was quiet and stable.
C2+ flares (GOES):
| Magnitude | Peak time (UTC) | Location | AR | Comment |
| C2.3 | 13:40 | 12248 | ||
| C3.3 | 17:59 | S19E18 | 12248 |
December 26-28: No obviously Earth directed CMEs were observed in LASCO imagery.
[Coronal hole history (since October
2002)]
[Compare today's report to the situation one solar rotation ago:
28 days ago
27 days ago
26 days ago]
No obvious coronal holes are currently in or near Earth facing positions.
Long distance low and medium frequency (below 2 MHz) propagation along paths north of due west over upper middle latitudes is poor. Propagation on long distance northeast-southwest paths is poor.
The geomagnetic field is expected to be mostly quiet on December 29-31.
| Coronal holes (1) | Coronal mass ejection (2) | M and X class flares (3) |
1) Effects from a coronal hole could reach Earth within the
next 5 days. When the high speed stream has arrived the color changes to
green.
2) Effects from a CME are likely to be observed at Earth within 96 hours.
3) There is a possibility of either M or X class flares within the next 48
hours.
Green: 0-30% probability, Yellow: 30-70% probability, Red: 70-100% probability.
(Click on image for 2K resolution) Compare to the previous day's image. 0.5K image
When available the active region map has a coronal hole polarity overlay where red (pink) is negative and blue is positive.
Data for all numbered solar regions according to the Solar Region Summary provided by NOAA/SWPC. Comments are my own, as is the STAR spot count (spots observed at or inside a few hours before midnight) and data for regions not numbered by SWPC or where SWPC has observed no spots. SWPC active region numbers in the table below and in the active region map above are the historic SWPC/USAF numbers.
| Active region | Date numbered detected |
Spot count | Location at midnight | Area | Classification | SDO / HMI 4K continuum image with magnetic polarity overlay |
Comment | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SWPC | Magnetic (SDO) |
SWPC | STAR | Current | Previous | ||||||
| 2K | 1K | ||||||||||
| 12244 | 2014.12.20 | S04W69 |
 |
||||||||
| 12245 | 2014.12.21 | 4 | 1 | N09W34 | 0010 | BXO |
 |
 |
location: N09W31 | ||
| 12246 | 2014.12.21 | 1 | 1 | 1 | N18W17 | 0080 | HSX | HSX |
 |
 |
area: 0130 |
| 12247 | 2014.12.23 | 3 | 7 | 5 | S24W07 | 0010 | AXX | HRX |
 |
 |
area: 0020 location: S25W04 |
| 12248 | 2014.12.23 | 9 | 25 | 12 | S19E07 | 0120 | DSO | CSI |
 |
 |
beta-gamma location: S21E12 |
| 12249 | 2014.12.25 | 13 | 13 | 8 | S12W74 | 0200 | DAC | DAC |
 |
 |
|
| 12250 | 2014.12.26 | 4 | 10 | 4 | N08W55 | 0020 | CAO | BXO |
 |
 |
|
| S4098 | 2014.12.23 | S20W09 | plage | ||||||||
| S4100 | 2014.12.23 | 4 | S17W34 | 0007 | AXX |
 |
 |
||||
| S4103 | 2014.12.24 | 10 | 4 | N05E02 | 0022 | BXO |
 |
 |
|||
| S4105 | 2014.12.25 | 2 | 1 | S09E08 | 0005 | BXO |
 |
 |
|||
| 12251 | 2014.12.26 | 7 | 18 | 13 | S12E45 | 0030 | CAO | DRI |
 |
 |
area: 0080 location: S12E48 |
| S4109 | 2014.12.26 | S05W16 | plage | ||||||||
| 12252 | 2014.12.27 | 1 | 2 | 1 | S20E62 | 0060 | HAX | HAX |
 |
 |
area: 0150 |
| S4112 | 2014.12.27 | N03E32 |
 |
plage |
|||||||
| Total spot count: | 38 | 96 | 50 | ||||||||
| Sunspot number: | 108 | 206 | 150 | (total spot count + 10 * number of spotted regions) | |||||||
| Weighted SN: | 68 | 122 | 76 | (Sum of total spot count + classification weighting for each AR. Classification weighting: X=0, R=3, A/S=5, H/K=10) | |||||||
| Relative sunspot number (Wolf number): | 65 | 72 | 83 | k * (sunspot number). k = 0.6 for SWPC, k = 0.35 for MSN 2K, k = 0.55 for MSN 1K (MSN=Magnetic Sunspot Number) | |||||||
| Month | Average solar flux | International sunspot number (WDC-SILSO) |
Smoothed sunspot number | Average ap (3) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Measured | 1 AU | ||||
| 2013.08 | 114.6 | 118.3 | 66.0 | 69.0 (+3.5) | 8.27 |
| 2013.09 | 102.6 | 103.7 | 36.9 | 73.1 (+4.1) | 5.23 |
| 2013.10 | 132.1 | 131.2 | 85.6 | 75.0 (+1.9) | 7.71 |
| 2013.11 | 148.3 | 145.1 | 77.6 | 75.4 (+0.4) | 5.68 |
| 2013.12 | 147.7 | 143.1 | 90.3 | 76.0 (+0.6) | 4.68 |
| 2014.01 | 157.4 | 152.4 | 81.8 | 77.3 (+1.3) | 5.44 |
| 2014.02 | 170.3 (cycle peak) |
166.3 | 102.3 (cycle peak) | 78.4 (+1.1) | 10.70 |
| 2014.03 | 149.9 | 148.5 | 91.9 | 80.8 (+2.4) | 4.88 |
| 2014.04 | 143.9 | 144.8 | 84.7 | 81.9 (+1.1) (likely solar max) |
7.88 |
| 2014.05 | 129.7 | 132.9 | 75.2 | 80.5 (-1.4) | 5.75 |
| 2014.06 | 122.0 | 125.8 | 71.0 | (79.1 projected, -1.6) | 6.72 |
| 2014.07 | 137.4 | 141.8 | 72.5 | (77.5 projected, -1.6) | 4.50 |
| 2014.08 | 124.7 | 127.9 | 74.7 | (75.1 projected, -3.0) | 7.71 |
| 2014.09 | 146.6 | 148.1 | 87.6 | (71.9 projected, -3.2) | 9.78 |
| 2014.10 | 153.4 | 152.9 | 60.6 | (69.5 projected, -2.4) | 8.96 |
| 2014.11 | 154.8 | 151.4 | 70.1 | (67.7 projected, -1.8) | 9.33 |
| 2014.12 | 158.0 (1) | 110.2 (2A) / 1220 (2B) / 93.0 (2C) | (66.0 projected, -1.7) | (10.4) | |
1) Running average based on the daily 20:00 UTC observed solar flux value at
2800 MHz.
2A) Current impact on the monthly sunspot number based on the Boulder
(NOAA/SWPC) sunspot number (accumulated daily sunspots / month days). The
official WDC-SILSO international sunspot number is typically 30-50% lower. 2B)
Boulder SN current month
average to date. 2C) STAR SDO 1K Wolf number 30 day average.
3) Running average based on the quicklook and definitive Potsdam WDC ap indices.
Values in red are based on the definitive
international
GFZ Potsdam
WDC
ap indices.
This report has been prepared by Jan Alvestad. It is based on the analysis of data from whatever sources are available at the time the report is prepared. All time references are to the UTC day. Comments and suggestions are always welcome.
SDO images are courtesy of NASA/SDO and the AIA, EVE, and HMI science teams.
