Solar Terrestrial Activity Report

Activity chart

Last major update issued on December 14, 2012 at 04:25 UTC.

[Solar and geomagnetic data - last month (updated daily)]
[Solar wind and electron fluence charts (updated daily)]
[Solar cycles 23-24 (last update December 1, 2012)] [Cycle 24 progress (last update December 2, 2012) ]
[Solar cycles 1-20]
[Graphical comparison of cycles 21, 22, 23 and 24 (last update December 1, 2012)]
[Graphical comparison of cycles 10, 12, 13, 14, 16 and 24 (last update December 1, 2012)]
[Historical solar and geomagnetic data charts 1954-2006 (last update April 5, 2007)]
[Archived reports since January 2003 (last update December 7, 2012)]

[POES auroral activity level since October 2009 - updated October 7, 2012]
[Solar polar fields vs solar cycles - updated December 9, 2012]

Recent activity

The geomagnetic field was quiet on December 13. Solar wind speed at SOHO ranged between 270 and 317 km/s.

Solar flux measured at 20h UTC on 2.8 GHz was 116.6 (decreasing 21.7 over the last solar rotation). The Potsdam WDC planetary A index was 2 (STAR Ap - based on the mean of three hour interval ap indices: 2.3). Three hour interval K indices: 21000011 (planetary), 11001210 (Boulder).

The background x-ray flux was at the class B3 level.

At midnight UTC the visible solar disk had 10 spotted active regions (in 2K resolution SDO images).

Region 11628 [N10W36] developed in the trailing spot section and was mostly quiet.
Region 11630 [N18W50] decayed slowly and quietly.
Region 11631 [N19W20] developed slowly and was mostly quiet.
Region 11632 [N16W26] produced the only C class event of the day.

Spotted regions not numbered by NOAA/SWPC:
S2101 [S16W23] was quiet and stable.
S2107 [N12E03] gained poorly defined leader spots.
S2110 [N17W29] decayed and could soon become spotless.
New region S2111 [S25W45] emerged with a tiny spot.
New region S2112 [N22E28] emerged with a tiny spot.
New region S2113 [S13E11] emerged with a tiny spot.

Coronal mass ejections (CMEs)

December 11-13: No obviously Earth directed CMEs were observed in LASCO and STEREO imagery.

Coronal holes

Coronal hole history (since October 2002)
Compare today's report to the situation one solar rotation ago: 28 days ago 27 days ago 26 days ago

No obvious coronal holes are currently in or near Earth facing positions.

Coronal hole map

The above coronal hole map is based on a method where coronal holes are detected automatically. While the method may need some fine tuning, it has significant advantages over detecting coronal holes manually. The main improvement is the ability to detect coronal holes at and just beyond the solar limbs. Early results using this method for SDO images over a span of several weeks indicate a good match between coronal holes observed over the visible disk and their extent and position at the east and west limbs. Note that the polar coronal holes are easily detected using this method, the extent and intensity of both CHs are consistent with other data sources.

Propagation

Long distance low and medium frequency (below 2 MHz) propagation along paths north of due west over high and upper middle latitudes is good. Propagation on long distance northeast-southwest paths is poor.

Forecast

The geomagnetic field is expected to be quiet on December 14-17. 

Coronal holes (1) Coronal mass ejection (2) M and X class flares (3)
     

1) Effects from a coronal hole could reach Earth within the next 5 days. When the high speed stream has arrived the color changes to green.
2) Effects from a CME are likely to be observed at Earth within 96 hours.
3) There is a possibility of either M or X class flares within the next 48 hours.

Green: 0-20% probability, Yellow: 20-60% probability, Red: 60-100% probability.

Active solar regions

Click on image for higher resolution image) Compare to the previous day's image. 0.5k image

When available the active region map has a coronal hole polarity overlay where red (pink) is negative and blue (blue-green) is positive.

Data for all numbered solar regions according to the Solar Region Summary provided by NOAA/SWPC. Comments are my own, as is the STAR spot count (spots observed at or inside a few hours before midnight) and data for regions not numbered by SWPC or where SWPC has observed no spots. SWPC active region numbers in the table below and in the active region map above are the historic SWPC/USAF numbers.

Active region Date numbered
detected
Spot count Location at midnight Area Classification SDO / HMI 4K continuum
image with magnetic polarity overlay
Comment
SWPC STAR SDO SWPC STAR Current Previous
2K 1K
11628 2012.12.04
2012.12.05
  21 14 N09W47 0200   DAI location: N10W36

see AR 11629

11630 2012.12.06
2012.12.09
8 7 3 N20W52 0050 DAO CRO location: N18W50

area: 0010

S2100 2012.12.07       N05W38           plage
11629 2012.12.08 14     N11W36 0120 DAI       same as AR 11628
S2101 2012.12.08   4 1 S16W23 0000   AXX  
S2102 2012.12.09       N05W14           plage
S2105 2012.12.10       S27W00         plage
S2106 2012.12.10       S21E14           plage
S2107 2012.12.10   3   N12E03 0000   BXO  
11631 2012.12.11
2012.12.12
10 21 11 N21W20 0070 DAI DAI location: N19W20

area: 0160

11632 2012.12.12 5 5 3 N17W28 0020 BXO BXO location: N16W26
S2110 2012.12.12   1   N17W29 0000   AXX  
S2111 2012.12.13   1   S25W45 0000   AXX    
S2112 2012.12.13   1   N22E28 0000   AXX    
S2113 2012.12.13   1   S13E11 0000   AXX    
Total spot count: 37 65 32  
Sunspot number: 77 165 82  (total spot count + 10 * number of spotted regions)
Weighted SN: 52 78 45  (Sum of total spot count + classification weighting for each AR. Classification weighting: X=0, R=3, A/S=5, H/K=10)
Relative sunspot number (Wolf number): 46 58 45 k * (sunspot number). k = 0.6 for SWPC, k = 0.35 for STAR SDO 2K, k = 0.55 for STAR SDO 1K

Monthly solar cycle data

Month Average measured solar flux International sunspot number (SIDC) Smoothed sunspot number Average ap
(3)
2011.09 133.8 78.0 59.5 (+0.5) 12.27
2011.10 137.3 88.0 59.9 (+0.4) 8.28
2011.11 153.5 (cycle max) 96.7 (cycle max) 61.1 (+1.2) 5.55
2011.12 141.3 73.0 63.4 (+2.3) 3.78
2012.01 132.5 58.3 65.5 (+2.1) 7.15
2012.02 106.5 32.9 66.9 (+1.4)
possible cycle 24 max
8.81
2012.03 114.7 64.3 66.8 (-0.1) 16.08
2012.04 113.0 55.2 64.6 (-2.2) 10.10
2012.05 121.5 69.0 61.7 (-2.9) 7.06
2012.06 119.6 64.5 (59.5 projected, -2.2) 10.08
2012.07 133.9 66.5 (58.8 projected, -0.7) 13.90
2012.08 115.4 63.1 (60.1 projected, +1.3) 7.96
2012.09 122.9 61.5 (61.1 projected, +1.0) 8.07
2012.10 123.3 53.3 (60.7 projected, -0.4) 9.97
2012.11 121.3 61.4 (60.0 projected, -0.7) 7.08
2012.12 101.8 (1) 22.0 (2A) / 52.5 (2B) / 54.0 (2C) (59.3 projected, -0.7) (3.05)

1) Running average based on the daily 20:00 UTC observed solar flux value at 2800 MHz.
2A) Current impact on the monthly sunspot number based on the Boulder (NOAA/SWPC) sunspot number (accumulated daily sunspots / month days). The official SIDC international sunspot number is typically 30-50% lower. 2B) Boulder SN current month average to date. 2C) STAR SDO 1K Wolf number 30 day average.
3) Running average based on the quicklook and definitive Potsdam WDC ap indices. Values in red are based on the definitive international Potsdam WDC ap indices.

This report has been prepared by Jan Alvestad. It is based on analysis of data from whatever sources are available at the time the report is prepared. All time references are to the UTC day. Comments and suggestions are always welcome.

SDO images are courtesy of NASA/SDO and the AIA, EVE, and HMI science teams.