Last major update issued on September 22, 2010 at 03:45 UTC.
[Solar and geomagnetic data - last month (updated daily)]
[Solar wind and electron fluence charts (updated daily)
[Solar cycles 21-24 (last update September 4, 2010)]
[Solar cycles 1-20]
[Graphical comparison of cycles 21, 22, 23 and 24 (last update
September 4, 2010)]
[Graphical comparison of cycles 10, 12, 13, 14, 16 and 24 (last update
September 4, 2010)]
[Historical solar and geomagnetic data charts 1954-2006 (last update April 5, 2007)]
[Archived reports (last update September 4, 2010)]
The geomagnetic field was quiet on September 21. Solar wind speed ranged between 326 and 434 km/s, most of the day under the influence of a weak, low speed stream from CH422.
Solar flux measured at 20h UTC on 2.8 GHz was 84.6 (up 11.1 over the last solar rotation). The planetary A index was 6 (STAR Ap - based on the mean of three hour interval ap indices: 5.6). Three hour interval K indices: 22211121 (planetary), 22211101 (Boulder).
The background x-ray flux is at the class B1 level.
At midnight UTC the visible solar disk had 3 spotted regions.
Region 11106 decayed slowly and will soon rotate out of view at the
southwest limb.
Region 11108 decayed with a reduction in penumbral area and the trailing
spot section about to disappear.
New region 11109 rotated into view at the northeast limb and could
produce further C class flares. Flare: C1.4
at 07:53 UTC.
September 19-21: No obviously Earth directed CMEs were seen in LASCO or STEREO images.
Coronal hole history (since late October 2002)
Compare today's report to the situation one solar rotation ago:
28 days ago
27 days ago
26 days ago
A large, well defined, recurrent coronal hole (CH422) in the northern hemisphere was Earth facing on September 18-21. Although still large, CH422 is considerably smaller than one rotation ago. At the current rate of decay CH422 will close within the next rotation. A trans equatorial, recurrent coronal hole (CH423) will likely rotate into an Earth facing position on September 23-24.
Image courtesy of SDO (NASA) and the AIA consortium. Annotations are my own. The darkest areas on the solar disk are likely coronal holes.
Long distance low and medium frequency (below 2 MHz) propagation along paths north of due west over high and upper middle latitudes is fair to good. Propagation on long distance northeast-southwest paths is poor to fair.
The geomagnetic field is expected to be quiet to unsettled with occasional active intervals on September 22-25 due to effects from CH422 and quiet to unsettled on September 27-28 when effects from CH423 are likely.
| Coronal holes (1) | Coronal mass ejections (2) | M and X class flares (3) |
1) Effects from a coronal hole could reach Earth
within the next 5 days. When the high speed stream has arrived the
color changes to green.
2) Effects from a CME are likely to be observed at Earth within 96 hours.
3) There is a possibility of either M or X class flares within the next 48 hours.
Green: 0-20% probability, Yellow: 20-60% probability, Red: 60-100% probability.
Compare to the previous day's image
Data for all numbered solar regions according to the Solar Region Summary provided by NOAA/SWPC. Comments are my own, as is the STAR spot count (spots observed at or inside a few hours before midnight) and data for regions not numbered by SWPC or where SWPC has observed no spots. SWPC active region numbers in the table below and in the active region map above are the historic SWPC/USAF numbers.
| Active region | Date numbered | Spot count | Location at midnight | Area | Classification | SDO (NASA) / AIA 4500 image |
Comment | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SWPC | STAR | SWPC | STAR | Current | Previous | |||||
| 11106 | 2010.09.11 | 1 | 1 | S22W69 | 0000 | AXX | AXX |
 |
 |
|
| 11107 | 2010.09.12 | N33W55 | plage | |||||||
| S814 | 2010.09.13 | S30W24 | plage | |||||||
| 11108 | 2010.09.16 | 5 | 6 | S30E14 | 0270 | FHO | CKO |
 |
 |
|
| 11109 | 2010.09.21 | 1 | 6 | N19E75 | 0030 | HRX | DAO |
 |
area: 0130 | |
| Total spot count: | 7 | 13 | ||||||||
| SSN: | 37 | 43 | ||||||||
| Month | Average measured solar flux | International sunspot number (SIDC) | Smoothed sunspot number | Average ap (3) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2000.04 | 184.2 | 125.5 | 120.8 cycle 23 sunspot max. |
|
| 2000.07 | 202.3 | 170.1 | 119.8 | |
| 2001.12 | 235.1 | 132.2 | 114.6 (-0.9) | |
| 2008.07 | 65.7 (SF minimum) | 0.5 | 2.8 (-0.4) | |
| 2008.12 | 69.2 | 0.8 | 1.7 (-) sunspot minimum |
3.25 |
| 2009.06 | 68.6 | 2.9 | 2.7 (+0.4) | 5.22 |
| 2009.07 | 68.2 | 3.2 | 3.6 (+0.9) | 5.49 / 4.55 |
| 2009.08 | 67.3 | 0.0 | 4.8 (+1.2) | 5.70 / 4.89 |
| 2009.09 | 70.5 | 4.3 | 6.2 (+1.4) | 3.88 / 3.61 |
| 2009.10 | 72.6 | 4.8 | 7.1 (+0.9) | 3.66 / 3.56 |
| 2009.11 | 73.6 | 4.1 | 7.6 (+0.5) | 2.45 / 2.63 |
| 2009.12 | 76.7 | 10.8 | 8.3 (+0.7) | 1.41 / 1.92 |
| 2010.01 | 81.1 | 13.2 | 9.3 (+1.0) | 2.93 / 3.07 |
| 2010.02 | 84.7 | 18.8 | 10.6 (+1.3) | 4.15 / 4.61 |
| 2010.03 | 83.4 | 15.4 | (12.3 predicted, +1.7) | 4.58 / 4.65 |
| 2010.04 | 75.9 | 7.9 | (13.9 predicted, +1.6) | 10.22 / 10.24 |
| 2010.05 | 73.8 | 8.8 | (15.2 predicted, +1.3) | 9.18 / 8.15 |
| 2010.06 | 72.5 | 13.5 | (16.6 predicted, +1.4) | 8.17 / 6.85 |
| 2010.07 | 79.8 | 16.1 | (18.3 predicted, +1.7) | 6.31 / 5.15 |
| 2010.08 | 79.2 | 19.6 | (19.5 predicted, +1.2) | 8.49 / 7.77 |
| 2010.09 | 79.4 (1) | 22.4 (2A) / 32.0 (2B) | (20.7 predicted, +1.2) | (5.18) |
1) Running average based on the
daily 20:00 UTC observed solar flux
value at 2800 MHz.
2A) Current impact on the monthly sunspot number based on the Boulder (NOAA/SWPC) sunspot number
(accumulated daily sunspots / month days). The official international sunspot number is typically
30-50% lower. 2B) Month average to date.
3) Running average based on the
daily SWPC ap indices. Values in red are based on
the
official NGDC ap indices.
This report has been prepared by Jan Alvestad. It is based on analysis of data from whatever sources are available at the time the report is prepared. All time references are to the UTC day. Comments and suggestions are always welcome.