Solar Terrestrial Activity Report

Last major update issued on March 31, 2006 at 03:45 UTC.

[Solar and geomagnetic data - last month (updated daily)]
[Solar wind and electron fluence charts (updated daily)]
[Solar cycles 21-23 (last update March 2, 2006)]
[Solar cycles 1-20]
[Graphical comparison of cycles 21, 22 and 23 (last update March 2, 2006)]
[Graphical comparison of cycles 2, 10, 13, 17, 20 and 23 (last update March 2, 2006)]
[Historical solar and geomagnetic data charts 1954-2005 (last update March 3, 2006)]
[Archived reports (last update March 2, 2006)]

Recent activity

The geomagnetic field was inactive to quiet on March 30. Solar wind speed ranged between 310 and 347 (all day average 333) km/sec.

Solar flux measured at 20h UTC on 2.8 GHz was 83.9. The planetary A index was 4 (STAR Ap - based on the mean of three hour interval ap indices: 3.6).
Three hour interval K indices: 11001222 (planetary), 11002012 (Boulder).

The background x-ray flux is at the class A7 level.

At midnight there were 2 spotted regions on the visible solar disk. The solar flare activity level was very low. No C class events were recorded during the day.

Region 10865 decayed in the trailing spot section while the leading penumbra became larger and some development was observed in and near a small penumbra just east of the leader spot.
Region 10866 was quiet and stable.

Coronal mass ejections (CMEs)

March 28-30: No partly or fully Earth directed CMEs were observed in LASCO imagery.

Coronal holes

Coronal hole history (since late October 2002)
Compare today's report with the situation one solar rotation ago: 28 days ago 27 days ago 26 days ago

A small coronal hole (CH218) in the northern hemisphere will likely rotate to an Earth facing position on April 2. A coronal hole in the southern hemisphere is probably too far to the south to be geoeffective.

Processed SOHO/EIT 284 image at 01:06 UTC on March 31. The darkest areas on the solar disk are likely coronal holes.

Forecast

The geomagnetic field is expected to be quiet to unsettled on March 31 - April 3.

Coronal holes (1) Coronal mass ejections (2) M and X class flares (3)

1) Effects from a coronal hole could reach Earth within the next 5 days. When the high speed stream has arrived the color changes to green.
2) Effects from a CME are likely to be observed at Earth within 96 hours.
3) There is a possibility of either M or X class flares within the next 48 hours.

Green: 0-20% probability, Yellow: 20-60% probability, Red: 60-100% probability.

Propagation

Long distance low and medium frequency (below 2 MHz) propagation along east-west paths over high and upper middle latitudes is poor to fair. Propagation on long distance northeast-southwest paths is poor. Trans Atlantic propagation conditions are normally monitored every night on 1470 kHz. Dominant stations tonight: Radio Vibración (Venezuela) and WLAM Lewiston ME.

Active solar regions (Recent map)

Compare to the previous day's image.

Data for all numbered solar regions according to the Solar Region Summary provided by NOAA/SEC. Comments are my own, as is the STAR spot count (spots observed at or inside a few hours before midnight) and data for regions not numbered by SEC or where SEC has observed no spots. SEC active region numbers in the table below and in the active region map above are the historic SEC/USAF numbers.

Active region Date numbered SEC
spot
count
STAR
spot
count
Location at midnight Area Classification Comment
10865 2006.03.28 13 16 S13E32 0140 DAI  
10866 2006.03.29 2 1 S08E56 0070 HSX  
Total spot count: 15 17  
SSN: 35 37  

Monthly solar cycle data

Month Average solar
flux at Earth
International sunspot number Smoothed sunspot number
2000.04 184.2 125.5 120.8
cycle 23 sunspot max.
2000.07 202.3 170.1 119.8
2001.12 235.1 132.2 114.6 (-0.9)
2005.01 102.2 31.3 34.6 (-0.6)
2005.02 97.2 29.2 33.9 (-0.7)
2005.03 89.9 24.5 33.5 (-0.4)
2005.04 86.0 24.2 31.6 (-1.9)
2005.05 99.3 42.7 28.9 (-2.7)
2005.06 93.7 39.3 28.8 (-0.1)
2005.07 96.4 40.1 29.1 (+0.3)
2005.08 90.5 36.4 27.4 (-1.7)
2005.09 91.1 21.9 (25.6 predicted, -1.8)
2005.10 77.0 8.5 (23.8 predicted, -1.8)
2005.11 86.3 18.0 (21.4 predicted, -2.4)
2005.12 90.7 41.2 (18.5 predicted, -2.9)
2006.01 83.4 15.4 (15.4 predicted, -3.1)
2006.02 76.5 4.7 (12.3 predicted, -3.1)
2006.03 75.1 (1) 19.9 (2) (10.1 predicted, -2.2)

1) Running average based on the daily 20:00 UTC observed solar flux value at 2800 MHz.
2) Unofficial, accumulated value based on the Boulder (NOAA/SEC) sunspot number. The official international sunspot number is typically 30-50% lower.

This report has been prepared by Jan Alvestad. It is based partly on my own observations and analysis, and partly on data from some of these solar data sources. All time references are to the UTC day. Comments and suggestions are always welcome.


[DX-Listeners' Club]